Evaluating Muscle Mass in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study*

Abstract

In the first year after acute respiratory distress syndrome, patients gained fat mass and maintained lean mass. We found no association of whole body percent lean mass with commonly hypothesized hospital risk factors. Direct measurement of body composition and performance-based functional measures may be helpful for understanding functional recovery in ICU survivors.

Early Initiation of Awake Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Can Attenuate Muscle Atrophy and Weakness in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

“…Regarding the six-minute walk test, the ability remains 49%, 64%, 66%, and 76%, at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and five years after discharge from the hospital [ 2 ]. Functional disability is caused by muscle atrophy acquired in the intensive care unit (ICU), which prolongs after discharge from the ICU [ 3 ]. Consequently, only 44% and 69% of patients can return to the job one year and five years later, respectively [ 4 ].…”

Impaired phagocytic function in CX3CR1+ tissue-resident skeletal muscle macrophages prevents muscle recovery after influenza A virus-induced pneumonia in aged mice

“…A growing body of literature suggests that elderly pneumonia survivors are at increased risk of developing age-related disorders including persistent lung dysfunction (Mittl et al, 1994), skeletal muscle atrophy limiting mobility (Herridge et al, 2003), myocardial infarction (Corrales-Medina Vicente et al, 2012) chronic kidney disease (Murugan et al, 2010), dementia (Tate et al, 2014) and cognitive impairment (Girard et al, 2018). Skeletal muscle dysfunction develops in the majority of survivors of pneumonia and may persist for years after hospital discharge, where it is a major driver of morbidity (Chan et al, 2018;Dos Santos et al, 2016;Herridge et al, 2003;Herridge et al, 2011;Walsh et al, 2014). Persistent skeletal muscle weakness in survivors of severe pneumonia disproportionately affects elderly patients, resulting in reduced quality of life including an increased risk of hospitalizations, long-term disability, and loss of independence (Barreiro et al, 2015;Falsey et al, 2005;Gozalo et al, 2012;Herridge et al, 2011;Pfoh et al, 2016).…”

Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of Combining Optimal Nutrition With Electrical Stimulation to Maintain Muscle Health in Critical Illness: A Narrative Review

“…Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic and adaptive tissue, which responds to changes in mechanical loading and is 1 of the largest tissue groups in the human body . Skeletal muscle is an integral tissue in predicting clinical, physical, and metabolic outcomes . To evaluate muscle health, an aggregate of measures are essential, including muscle mass and its integrity (ie, metabolic and physical features) (Figure ) .…”

“…Low muscle mass is reported in 20%–70% of ICU patients at the time of ICU admission, and a further ≈30% reduction in quadriceps muscle mass may occur within 10 days of an ICU admission . Remarkably, low muscle mass is also reported up to 6 and 12 months following ICU discharge …”

“…For example, muscle atrophy as a result of acute immobility has been associated with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired glucose uptake, and reduced fat oxidation . Although most of the weight lost during critical illness is typically regained within 1 year following ICU discharge, there is evidence of sustained muscle atrophy with reduced muscle satellite cell content and substantial fat gain up to 6 months and 1 year, respectively, following ICU discharge. Thus, understanding the timeframe and mechanisms of muscle atrophy will lead to developing methods that aim to preserve muscle mass and its physiological functions.…”