Evaluating reproductive fitness and metabolic costs for insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae from Chile

Abstract

Fuentes-Contreras, E (Fuentes-Contreras, Eduardo) Univ Talca, Dept Prod Agr, Talca, ChileThe development of insecticide resistance in pest insects is an increasing problem for agriculture, forestry and public health. Aphids are ubiquitous herbivorous insects, with approximately 4700 known species, of which less than 5% exploit the agricultural environment successfully. Of these, the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer is recognized as one of the most important pests worldwide because it has acquired resistance to many insecticides. Although resistance to insecticides provides important benefits for pests in agricultural fields that are treated with insecticides, it may be associated with fitness (or other) costs in environments that are insecticide free. In the present study, the fitness and energy costs that might be experienced by M. persicae in an insecticide-free environment when carrying at least one insecticide resistance mutation (IRM), or by having an increased production of esterases, are evaluated. The study investigates whether genotypes that have an IRM also have enhanced esterase production, whether there is any metabolic cost associated with insecticide resistance, and whether there are any fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance and metabolic expenditure. The intrinsic rate of increase, standard metabolic rate (i.e. a measure of maintenance costs) and constitutive esterase activity are determined for 30 different multilocus genotypes carrying (or not carrying) at least one of the two most frequent insecticide resistance mutations (MACE and kdr/super-kdr) that occur in Chile. The results show that genotypes carrying at least one IRM have higher levels of total esterase activity than genotypes without an IRM, that there is no evidence of an energy cost associated with total esterase activity or IRM, and no evidence for a reproductive fitness cost associated with total esterase activity, IRM or metabolic rate. The results agree with previous studies showing linkage disequilibrium between insecticide resistance mechanisms, although they contrast with those of studies that report fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae

Trade‐off between thermal tolerance and insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella

“…This fitness cost associated with resistance to agrochemicals has been well documented in many species (Bourguet et al 2004;Berticat et al 2008) and is believed to be the main constraint for the quick emergence of agrochemical resistance in agro-ecosystems. In insects, considerable fitness penalty in life-history and physiological traits associated with insecticide resistance has been found in Plutella xylostella (Sayyed and Wright 2001;Raymond et al 2005;Cao and Han 2006;Liu et al 2008), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Zhu et al 1996), Anopheles gambiae (Djogb enou et al 2010), Cydia pomonella (Boivin et al 2001(Boivin et al , 2003Konopka et al 2012), Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Hardstone et al 2009), Myzus persicae (Ghadamyari et al 2008;Castañeda et al 2011;Silva et al 2012), Aedes aegypti (Martins et al 2012), and C. pipiens (Lenormandm et al 1999). Resource depletion is often assumed to be partially responsible for the observed fitness cost.…”

Life‐history costs associated with resistance to lambda‐cyhalothrin in the predatory ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa

“…This term was first coined by Crow (1957), who noted that resistant individuals would be at a disadvantage compared with susceptible individuals in the absence of selection pressure. Insect pests that are resistant to insecticides are commonly found to have a lower performance (Konno & Omoto, 2006;Biantao et al, 2009;Feng et al, 2009;Castañeda et al, 2011). Because the phenomenon is often driven by a physiological trait, we expect to find similar costs in ladybird beetle populations that are resistant to insecticides, although this pattern is not always found.…”

The multigenerational effects of water contamination and endocrine disrupting chemicals on the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster

“…Here, we evaluated the impact that dif- A major selective force in nature is exposure to environmental perturbations (Bijlsma & Loeschcke, 2005;Hoffmann & Hercus, 2000;Hoffmann & Parsons, 1991). Animals have evolved several strategies, from genetic (e.g., Alvarez, Espinoza, Inostroza B, & Arce, 2015;Hebbelmann et al, 2012;Lardies, Arias, & Bacigalupe, 2010;Silva, Bacigalupe, Luna-Rudloff, & Figueroa, 2012;Sørensen & Loeschcke, 2004), to physiological (e.g., Bozinovic, Catalán, & Kalergis, 2013;Castañeda et al, 2011;Chapin, Autumn, & Pugnaire, 2012;Hermes-Lima & Zenteno-Savìn, 2002;Uy, Leduc, Ganote, & Price, 2015) and behavioral (e.g., Kitaysky, Wingfield, & Piatt, 2001;Koolhaas et al, 1999;Ruiz-Aravena et al, 2014;Wingfield & Kitaysky, 2002) to deal with or avoid the effects of such stressors. Additionally, fitnessrelated traits are not an exception and are also affected by environmental stress (Bijlsma & Loeschcke, 2005).…”