Evaluating Safety at Railway Level Crossings with Microsimulation Modeling

Tey, Li-Sian; Kim, Lee-Hyung; Ferreira, Luis

doi:10.3141/2298-08

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tey et al [ 42 ] recognize that security on RLCs is increasingly attracting public attention. Salmon et al [ 45 ] emphasize that work domain analysis (WDA) clearly shows that railway level crossing systems are complex environments with many interacting elements (human and non-human), many competing goals, many values and priorities, and many failure paths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tey at al. [ 42 ] applied VISSIM (in German: Verkehr in Städten—SIMulationsmodell) traffic microsimulation modeling based on data from field video recording. In addition, Młyńczak and Celiński in [ 43 ] used measurements based on an eye tracking device and an accelerometer (smartphone) installed onboard a test vehicle to monitor drivers of vehicles transporting dangerous and sensitive goods in the area of railway level crossings.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Innovative Approach to Surveying the Geometry of Visibility Triangles at Railway Level Crossings

Kampczyk

2020

Sensors

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Railway level crossings (RLCs) in Poland are classified according to their protection systems. Category D, which is a form of passive RLC, aims to ensure safe and efficient operation. Surveying is essential to prepare and control the geometry of the visibility triangles used at RLCs. This article presents a new approach to monitoring the geometry of visibility triangles of RLCs using an electronic total station and a magnetic measuring square (MMS). Its main assumptions are presented together with the application of the innovative measuring instruments. Visibility is demonstrated taking into account the angles of intersection of the road axis with the track axis of the railway line and additional attributes related to the analysis and evaluation of general visibility conditions. The research highlights controversies that have received special attention against the background of the safety status of railway level crossings. As a case study, the RLC located on a single-track railway line in Poland is examined. The final section presents applications of the results obtained according to the proposed methodology. It is shown that the proposed approach is practical and effective. In addition to surveyors, the survey methodology can be used by road and rail traffic engineers and policy makers to further improve traffic safety at RLCs. This is an important global research task.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Approach to Surveying the Geometry of Visibility Triangles at Railway Level Crossings

Kampczyk

2020

Sensors

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“…This paper will demonstrate how the traffic simulation can be applied to evaluate traffic efficiency and safety fora signalized intersection located nearby railway crossings. Following a previous study [21], the developed model has been modified by adding a signalized intersection with activated signal controllers. The modelis able to produce detailed outputs such as queue length, different types of delay in various traffic inputs and time intervals by different types of safety devices.…”

Section: Proposed Methodology Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Performance of Signalized Intersections Near Railway Crossings

Kim¹,

Ferreira²,

Shaaban³

2017

Int J Comput Softw Eng

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Railway related pre-emption time, which refers to the time needed to clear a vehicle from the pathway of a train, isa necessary input for appropriate pre-emption traffic signal settings. It is, however, usually left to the judgment of the signal engineer, using assumptions not always based on hard evidence. The research reported here analysed the safety and performance at railway crossings in the vicinity of signalized intersections with the aid of micro traffic simulation modelling. The developed model was calibrated by comparing the time that the last vehicle on the railway tracks to be cleared. A location in Brisbane, Australia, was chosen to apply the proposed methodology. The case study was used to evaluate three settings, which were implemented using fixed signal time; pre-emption with actuated signal; and actuated signal only. The signal logic was developed with the aid of an external signal controller to replicate pre-emption technology. The resultsfrom the simulation model show that the use of the pre-emption benefits safety and driving performance by changing signals dynamically in accordance withconditions related to traffic flow, train frequency and the proportion of heavy goods vehicles.

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“…This application provides traffic engineers with a lot of freedom in the analysis of a variety of projects (18,19). Like other traffic simulation software, VISSIM also allows access from an external interface.…”

Section: Evaluation Tool Using Vissim Com Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Safety at Road–Rail Level Crossings Using a Driving Simulator and Traffic Simulation

Kim

Larue

Ferreira

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Several intelligent transportation systems (ITS) were used with an advanced driving simulator to assess its influence on driving behavior. Three types of ITS interventions were tested: video in vehicle, audio in vehicle, and on-road flashing marker. The results from the driving simulator were inputs for a developed model that used traffic micro-simulation (VISSIM 5.4) to assess the safety interventions. Using a driving simulator, 58 participants were required to drive through active and passive crossings with and without an ITS device and in the presence or absence of an approaching train. The effect of changes in driver speed and compliance rate was greater at passive crossings than at active crossings. The slight difference in speed of drivers approaching ITS devices indicated that ITS helped drivers encounter crossings in a safer way. Since the traffic simulation was not able to replicate a dynamic speed change or a probability of stopping that varied depending on ITS safety devices, some modifications were made to the traffic simulation. The results showed that exposure to ITS devices at active crossings did not influence drivers' behavior significantly according to the traffic performance indicator, such as delay time, number of stops, speed, and stopped delay. However, the results of traffic simulation for passive crossings , where low traffic volumes and low train headway normally occur, showed that ITS devices improved overall traffic performance. In the United States, empirical formulas based on historical accident data at level crossings have been used to predict the expected crash rate. These formulas, such as the Peabody-Dimmick formula, the New Hampshire index, the NCHRP crash prediction formula, the U.S. Department of Transportation crash prediction formula, and the Mississippi and Ohio methods, consider the crash history as well as some of the causal factors in determining the crash rate at a particular crossing. While a hazard index is a relative ranking, the crash prediction models calculate the actual frequency of crashes at crossings (1). Statistical collision prediction models are used to assess how specific countermeasures act to reduce collisions at specific grade crossings. In Australia, the Australian level-crossing assessment model is used to identify contributing risk factors at level crossings. This tool can be used to prioritize the level crossings that are to be upgraded. Although the procedure for archiving crash data appears to have become more systematic, it often contains significant discrepancies. Many crash-related organizations, such as police, insurance companies , and bureaus of statistics, collect crash data in different ways. Police reports are prone to underreported bias. Elvik and Mysen analyzed crash recording rates in 13 countries (2). In their study, only 95% of fatal crashes, 70% of serious injury crashes (hospitalized), 25% of slight injury crashes (outpatients), 10% of very slight injuries (sent home), and 25% of property-damage-only crashes were reported, compared...

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Evaluating Safety at Railway Level Crossings with Microsimulation Modeling

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

An Innovative Approach to Surveying the Geometry of Visibility Triangles at Railway Level Crossings

An Innovative Approach to Surveying the Geometry of Visibility Triangles at Railway Level Crossings

Modelling the Performance of Signalized Intersections Near Railway Crossings

Traffic Safety at Road–Rail Level Crossings Using a Driving Simulator and Traffic Simulation

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