Evaluating Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Depth/Level in Beijing Plain, a Groundwater-Fed Area from 2001 to 2010

Abstract

Groundwater has always been a valuable resource in Beijing, facing a great decline of groundwater level during the past decades. However, few previous researches have revealed the spatial variation of groundwater level within Beijing Plain. In this study, spatiotemporal variation of groundwater level from 2001 to 2010 in Beijing Plain has been investigated. Factor analysis has been conducted to identify the primary influencing factor. Results showed that the groundwater level decreased by 8.41 m from 2001 to 2010, with a linear decreasing rate of 0.954 m per year averagely. Significant spatial variation characteristics have been detected. The north area suffered more groundwater depletion than the south part in general. The lowest groundwater level has been identified downstream Miyun Reservoir, central part of the Plain. Nevertheless, the most of the south part witnessed a slight revival between 2001 and 2010. This may be due to the differences of socioeconomic circumstances in the Plain. Three influencing factors, that is, “demand factor,” “supply factor,” and “loss factor,” have been identified in the water balance model. Eigenvalues of these factors are 3.563, 2.910, and 1.632, respectively, indicating that these factors influenced the groundwater system to various extents, with the demand factor being the primary one.

Identification of Groundwater Level Decline in Zagreb and Samobor-Zaprešić Aquifers Since the Sixties of the Twentieth Century

“…In Western India, it has been shown that groundwater levels are dependent on topography and the presence of surface waters (Machiwal et al, 2011) while the analysis of groundwater level decline conducted by Panda et al (2012) has led to the conclusion that the main reasons for lowering the water table are an increase in temperatures and frequent drought periods. In the vicinity of Beijing, the main cause of groundwater level decline is increased exploitation (Zhou et al, 2016); the same results have been obtained in Northern China (Li et al, 2014). Many studies have shown that the use of spatial and statistical methods can result in important data on trends of changes in groundwater levels, as well as on factors infl uencing them (Chaudhuri et al, 2014;Machiwal et al, 2011, Zhou et al, 2016, Li et al, 2014Healy et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2004;Konikow, 2013;Wellman, 2015;Eshtawi et al, 2016).…”

“…In the vicinity of Beijing, the main cause of groundwater level decline is increased exploitation (Zhou et al, 2016); the same results have been obtained in Northern China (Li et al, 2014). Many studies have shown that the use of spatial and statistical methods can result in important data on trends of changes in groundwater levels, as well as on factors infl uencing them (Chaudhuri et al, 2014;Machiwal et al, 2011, Zhou et al, 2016, Li et al, 2014Healy et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2004;Konikow, 2013;Wellman, 2015;Eshtawi et al, 2016). The examination of the Zagreb The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin and the authors ©, 2018, pp.…”

A Grey Seasonal Index Model for Forecasting Groundwater Depth of Ningxia Plain

“…However, changes in groundwater are most affected by humans. Industrial water, agricultural water, and domestic water are considered as the main factors affecting groundwater [4]. Based on different influencing factors, stochastic time series and artificial neural network models are considered to have better effect in groundwater depth assessment [5].…”

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in a Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation Area, North China Plain

“…As one of the water shortage megacities in the world, Beijing relies heavily upon groundwater resources for its various usages, over 60% of annual total water supply quantity is groundwater [3]. Due to long-term overexploitation, groundwater level has declined sharply during the past decades [8]. In order to alleviate the water shortage, wastewater and reclaimed water have been utilized for agricultural irrigation in Beijing Plain since the 1950s [9].…”