Evaluating the actual and perceived effectiveness of E-cigarette prevention advertisements among adolescents

Noar, Seth M.; Rohde, Jacob A; Prentice-Dunn, Hannah; Kresovich, Alex; Hall, Marissa G.; Brewer, Noel T.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106473

Cited by 79 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We focused on perceived message effectiveness (PME) because it is a brief, reliable and valid measure that is commonly used for message development and selection, and because it is predictive of messages' actual effectiveness. [34][35][36] We also assessed warnings' impacts on constructs from the University of North Carolina (UNC) Tobacco Warnings Model 37 (TWM), an empirically driven model explaining how cigarette and e-cigarette warnings influence behaviour change, because these outcomes are also good proxies for actual message effectiveness. [38][39][40][41] Finally, we examined smoking and vaping warnings' effects on discouragement and thinking about harms of the non-focal behaviour (eg, smoking warnings' impact on discouragement from vaping) to evaluate whether messages about one product spill over to affect perceptions of the other product.…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe pace and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with ongoing efforts by health agencies to communicate harms, have created a pressing need for data to inform messaging about smoking, vaping, and COVID-19. We examined reactions to COVID-19 and traditional health harms messages discouraging smoking and vaping.MethodsParticipants were a national convenience sample of 810 US adults recruited online in May 2020. All participated in a smoking message experiment and a vaping message experiment, presented in a random order. In each experiment, participants viewed one message formatted as a Twitter post. The experiments adopted a 3 (traditional health harms of smoking or vaping: three harms, one harm, absent) × 2 (COVID-19 harms: one harm, absent) between-subjects design. Outcomes included perceived message effectiveness (primary) and constructs from the Tobacco Warnings Model (secondary: attention, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, social interactions).ResultsSmoking messages with traditional or COVID-19 harms elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging smoking than control messages without these harms (all p <0.001). However, including both traditional and COVID-19 harms in smoking messages had no benefit beyond including either alone. Smoking messages affected Tobacco Warnings Model constructs and did not elicit more reactance than control messages. Smoking messages also elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging vaping. Including traditional harms in messages about vaping elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging vaping (p <0.05), but including COVID-19 harms did not.ConclusionsMessages linking smoking with COVID-19 may hold promise for discouraging smoking and may have the added benefit of also discouraging vaping.

show abstract

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since these ads are targeted specifically to youth, it is critical to examine the fear-based approach in light of other effective public health communication strategies including youth empowerment to lead prevention efforts. An experiment among adolescents found that a single exposure to two video ads from 'The Real Cost Youth E-cigarette Prevention Campaign' was associated with increased risk beliefs and reduced attitudes and intentions to vape [32]. However, this study did not address the role of fearbased messaging throughout 'The Real Cost' campaign.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Content analysis of the use of fear in The Real Cost Youth E-cigarette Prevention Campaign

Xuan

Choi

2021

Journal of Communication in Healthcare

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To date, no study has simultaneously tested how loss aversion and delay discounting rates of smokers can influence the perceived effectiveness of cigarette warning messages. We found that these behavioral economic differences influenced PME, which is a reliable measure of persuasiveness and has been associated with quit intentions and cessation behavior [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The current study offers evidence that tailored (congruent) messages improve PME, which could potentially lead to changes in smoking behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness

Tripp

Strickland

Mercincavage

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current text-only cigarette warning labels (long-term, loss-framed messages) may not motivate positive changes in smoking behavior. The current project was a cross-sectional study examining the effects of tailored cigarette warnings on perceived message effectiveness (PME) in adult smokers (n = 512) conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk) in January–February 2020. Participants were an average age of 40.7 (SD = 11.6), with the majority of the sample being female (62.2%) and White (88.9%). Participants reported smoking an average of 14.6 cigarettes/day (SD = 9.2) with an average FTND score of 4.6 (SD = 2.2). Participants were asked to complete a tobacco use history questionnaire, and mixed gambles and delay discounting tasks before random assignment to one of five message groups. The groups were based on a 2 (gain versus loss framing) × 2 (short-term versus long-term framing) between-subject design; a fifth group served as the control group. All experimental messages reported higher PME scores than the control (p values < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.88–2.48). Participants with shallower delayed reward discounting and lower loss aversion rates reported higher total PME scores, p values < 0.05. Our findings also suggest that loss aversion rates vary widely among smokers and that individuals are more responsive to messages congruent with their behavioral economic profile. Specifically, smokers who viewed messages congruent with their loss aversion and delay discounting rates reported higher PME scores than those who viewed incongruent messages (p = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 0.24). These preliminary findings suggest that anti-smoking campaigns may best impact smokers by tailoring messages based on individual loss aversion and delay discounting rates versus a one-size-fits-all approach.

show abstract

Evaluating the actual and perceived effectiveness of E-cigarette prevention advertisements among adolescents

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments

Content analysis of the use of fear in The Real Cost Youth E-cigarette Prevention Campaign

Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About