“… 7 , 24 , 25 From a macroscopic perspective, stone formation is influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, 26 , 27 environmental and geographic conditions, 28 , 29 , 30 gender, 31 , 32 age 33 and individual differences, including dietary habits 8 , 34 and income levels. 35 , 36 On a microscopic level, the process of stone formation is mediated by factors like urine supersaturation with stone‐forming salts, 37 the duration of abnormal urine residence, urine pH values, 38 and the imbalance of stone inhibitors and promoters. 38 , 39 , 40 Kidney stones are primarily categorized based on their mineralogical composition, including calcium stones, uric acid stones, cystine stones and struvite stones.…”