Evaluating the Benefits of Using Mobile Application (diarrhea management step by step) in the Management of Diarrhea by Community Pharmacists

Mikhael, Ehab Mudher; Al-Hamadani, Fadya Yaqoob; Hadi, Ali

doi:10.31351/vol32iss1pp245-256

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Gained growing attention as an opportunistic pathogen due to its links to additional intestinal infections, diarrhea with weakened immune systems (Hashim and Nema., 2018). Dehydration, sadness, appetite loss, thick mucus, and severe diarrhea were among the animal's ailments (Hasso., 2018;Mikhael et al, 2023). When castor oil was used to produce diarrhea in rats, the extract had excellent antidiarrheal efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiarrheal Effects of Prosopis farcta L. Fruit Extract: An Enteropooling and Histopathological Study in Rats

H. Zughayyar,

H. Gyad

2023

AAVS

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The aim of this study was to examine the antidiarrheal activity of the alcoholic fruit extract of Prosopis farcta L. in a rat model. Thirty male Albion Wistar rats randomized into six equal groups of five as follows: negative control (received distilled water), positive control (induced diarrhea with 2 ml castor oil), and experimental groups that received 2 ml castor oil followed by oral administration of different doses of Prosopis farcta L. fruit ethanolic extract (300 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg). A comparative group received castor oil along with loperamide (2.5 mg/kg) orally. The outcomes demonstrated that after three hours, the castor oil-treated animals produced liquid feces. Enteropooling test findings revealed that castor oil generated an accumulation of water and electrolytes in the intestinal loop. Weight and volume of the intestine were reduced after treatment with the fruit extract of Prosopis farcta L. In contrast to loperamide, all groups intestinal contents varied significantly (P≤0.05) in volume and weight. Histopathological examinations of the duodenum corroborated the antidiarrheal efficacy of the extract. In contrast to the positive control group, which showed significant edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, rats treated with the Prosopis farcta L. fruit extract exhibited varying degrees of tissue recovery. Particularly, the group receiving 500 mg/kg showed mild lesions and lower inflammatory cell infiltration, closely resembling the histological profile of the loperamide-treated group. Subsequent phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, resins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenes, and glycosides, while steroids and proteins were absent. The extract displayed antidiarrheal activity comparable to loperamide, showing a significant reduction in intestinal content volume and weight (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Prosopis farcta L. fruits demonstrated promising antidiarrheal activity, potentially due to the phytochemical constituents identified, warranting further research for clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiarrheal Effects of Prosopis farcta L. Fruit Extract: An Enteropooling and Histopathological Study in Rats

H. Zughayyar,

H. Gyad

2023

AAVS

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Pharmacists’ perception about efficacy, safety, and quality of dietary supplements that used for rheumatic disorders in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market

Al-Hadi,

Mikhael

2024

PLoS ONE

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Rheumatic diseases are common progressive diseases that associated with chronic pain. Most patients seek to reduce the pain of these diseases by using dietary supplements (DS). Yet, most DS have limited benefits to reduce pain and/or disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists about the efficacy, safety, and quality of the DS for treatment of rheumatic diseases (DSTRD) in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market. A qualitative study was conducted during February-2023 through face-to-face interview with community pharmacists with ≥6 months of working experience. The interviews were guided through semi-structured open-ended questions. The interviews were recorded using iPhone-11. A hybrid framework-model was used to analyze the data. Interviews were performed with 20 pharmacists. Only 30% of pharmacists considered DSTRD to be effective, whereas 75% of them perceived DSTRD to be safe. One-quarter of the participants considered the quality of DSTRD to be good. All interviewed pharmacists reported that prescribing DSTRD become a common practice. Eleven participants reported that deals with pharmaceutical companies are the main trigger for prescribing DSTRD. Three-quarter of participating pharmacists mentioned that they educate their patient about the dispensed DSTRD. However, only 10% of them educate patients about the possible side effects and interactions of DSTRD. In conclusion, most of the participating pharmacists have doubts about the efficacy, safety, and quality of DSTRD in the Iraqi market. The prescribing of such products by physicians is common and usually triggered by deals with pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacist-education to the patient on these supplements is poor.

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Evaluating the Benefits of Using Mobile Application (diarrhea management step by step) in the Management of Diarrhea by Community Pharmacists

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Antidiarrheal Effects of Prosopis farcta L. Fruit Extract: An Enteropooling and Histopathological Study in Rats

Antidiarrheal Effects of Prosopis farcta L. Fruit Extract: An Enteropooling and Histopathological Study in Rats

Pharmacists’ perception about efficacy, safety, and quality of dietary supplements that used for rheumatic disorders in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market

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