Evaluating the commercial airliner cabin environment with different air distribution systems

You, Ruoyu; Lin, Chao–Hsin; Wei, Daniel; Chen, Qingyan

doi:10.1111/ina.12578

Cited by 90 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…High Efficiency Particulate Air filters have demonstrated good performance with particles of the SARS Cov-2 virus size (approximately 70−120 nm) and are used in airplanes and in healthcare settings. Their important role in reducing the infection risk and in maintaining thermal comfort was demonstrated in a modeling study of the infection risk from SARS Cov-1 [ 54 ]. There are also some speculations regarding the use of air filtration technology (HEPA filters) in damping the rate of viral spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of HVAC-Systems on the Dispersion of Infectious Aerosols in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Anghel

Popovici

Stătescu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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At the end of 2019, a variation of a coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has been identified as being responsible for a respiratory illness disease (COVID-19). Since ventilation is an important factor that influences airborne transmission, we proposed to study the impact of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) with a variable air volume (VAV) primary air system, on the dispersion of infectious aerosols, in a cardiac intensive care unit, using a transient simulation with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), based on the finite element method (FEM). We analyzed three scenarios that followed the dispersion of pathogen carrying expiratory droplets particles from coughing, from patients possibly infected with COVID-19, depending on the location of the patients in the intensive care unit. Our study provides the mechanism for spread of infectious aerosols, and possibly of COVID-19 infection, by air conditioning systems and also highlights important recommendations for disease control and optimization of ventilation in intensive care units, by increasing the use of outdoor air and the rate of air change, decreasing the recirculation of air and using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. The CFD-FEM simulation approach that was applied in our study could also be extended to other targets, such as public transport, theaters, philharmonics and amphitheaters from educational units.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of HVAC-Systems on the Dispersion of Infectious Aerosols in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Anghel

Popovici

Stătescu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was indicated in this study that the concentration level of the upper room is two orders of magnitude lower than the adjacent lower room, but the difference of infection risk between them is only one order of magnitude. Wells-Riley model plays an important role in transforming pathogen concentration to the infection risk and increasing researches which applied Wells-Riley model to CFD simulation can be found: Noakes et al (n.d.) studied transmission method of the airborne pathogen in an enclosed space and Tung and Hu (2008) simulated the airborne transmission of the indoor environment in multiple spaces; Moreover, Aliabadi et al (2014) , Gupta et al (2012) , Villafruela et al (2013) and You et al (2019) used this model in the simulations of their research.…”

Section: Epidemic Theories and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of computational fluid dynamics tools on investigation of pathogen transmission: Prevention and control

Peng

Chen

Liu

2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Transmission mechanics of infectious pathogen in various environments are of great complexity and has always been attracting many researchers' attention. As a cost-effective and powerful method, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays an important role in numerically solving environmental fluid mechanics. Besides, with the development of computer science, an increasing number of researchers start to analyze pathogen transmission by using CFD methods. Inspired by the impact of COVID-19, this review summarizes research works of pathogen transmission based on CFD methods with different models and algorithms. Defining the pathogen as the particle or gaseous in CFD simulation is a common method and epidemic models are used in some investigations to rise the authenticity of calculation. Although it is not so difficult to describe the physical characteristics of pathogens, how to describe the biological characteristics of it is still a big challenge in the CFD simulation. A series of investigations which analyzed pathogen transmission in different environments (hospital, teaching building, etc) demonstrated the effect of airflow on pathogen transmission and emphasized the importance of reasonable ventilation. Finally, this review presented three advanced methods: LBM method, Porous Media method, and Web-based forecasting method. Although CFD methods mentioned in this review may not alleviate the current pandemic situation, it helps researchers realize the transmission mechanisms of pathogens like viruses and bacteria and provides guidelines for reducing infection risk in epidemic or pandemic situations.

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“…For SARS, the airborne component was higher than for the other two diseases accounting for 21% (95% CI: 19-23%) of cases. Another study [95] used data from this outbreak and a simulation of three different ventilation systems in aircrafts to evaluate their effectiveness in controlling contamination and its diffusion.…”

Section: Sars and Mersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 Airborne Transmission and Its Prevention: Waiting for Evidence or Applying the Precautionary Principle?

2020

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Besides the predominant ways of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (namely, contacts and large droplets) the airborne one is increasingly taken into consideration as a result of latest research findings. Nevertheless, this possibility has been already suggested by previous studies on other coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. To describe the state of the art of coronaviruses and airborne transmission, a systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. Overall, 64 papers were selected and classified into three main groups: laboratory experiments (12 papers), air monitoring (22) and epidemiological and airflow model studies (30). The airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is suggested by the studies of the three groups, but none has yet obtained complete evidence. The sampling and detection methods have not been validated, therefore monitoring results are affected by a possible underestimation. Then, epidemiological investigations only hypothesize the airborne transmission as a possible explanation for some illness cases, but without estimating its attributable risk. Nevertheless, while waiting for more evidence, it is urgent to base advice on preventive measures, such as the use of masks, safe distancing and air ventilation, on the precautionary principle.

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Evaluating the commercial airliner cabin environment with different air distribution systems

Cited by 90 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of HVAC-Systems on the Dispersion of Infectious Aerosols in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Impact of HVAC-Systems on the Dispersion of Infectious Aerosols in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

The role of computational fluid dynamics tools on investigation of pathogen transmission: Prevention and control

Covid-19 Airborne Transmission and Its Prevention: Waiting for Evidence or Applying the Precautionary Principle?

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