The high complexity of assemblies and components in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) leads to a high effort in the maintenance of the models and increases the time required for adjustments. Metrics indicating the complexity of a CAD Model can help to reduce it by showing the results of changes. This paper describes a concept to calculate metrics aiming to describe the extent of complexity of components in CAD systems based on an ontology-based representation in a first step. The representation is initially generated from CAD models using an automated process. This includes both a boundary representation and the history of the feature-based design. Thus, the design strategy also contributes to measuring the complexity of the component so that the same shape can lead to different complexity metrics. Semantic rules are applied to find patterns of the design and to identify and evaluate various strategies. Different metrics are proposed to indicate the particular influence factors of complexity and a single measure for the overall complexity. Furthermore, the influencing factors can also be used to allow the designer to see how to reduce the complexity of the component or assembly.