Evaluating the Cracking Performance Indices of Half-Warm Mix Asphalt Comprising Waste Glass

Abstract

Sustainability has recently gained a high profile in many fields. Construction, due to its huge demand to materials, is one of the important targets. More than 95% of roads are paved with hot mix asphalt (HMA). Production of HMA using virgin materials consumes a lot of energy and contributes to the emission of a considerably large volume of CO 2 . Therefore, the replacement of virgin materials with waste and extending material life is of considerable value. Half-warm bituminous emulsion mixture (HWBEM) is a cold bituminous emulsion mixture subjected to a moderate heating energy before the compaction process. This study aims to evaluate the extent of enhancement in HWBEM crack resistance using a low energy heating technique (i.e., microwave) where virgin fine aggregates within the mixture were replaced with waste crushed glass. In addition to the measurement of volumetric properties and mixture sensitivity to moisture damage, crack related tests of indirect tensile strength test (ITS), cracks resistance test (Ideal-CT test), fracture energy (G f ), cracking resistance index (CRI) and toughness index (TI) were conducted to evaluate mixtures tensile strength. Test results showed that the procedure followed to prepare HWBEM containing waste crushed glass worked out and prevented cracking failure. It was concluded that adopting ITS is not sufficient to reflect all mixture behavior phases when resistance to the tensile cracking is the concern, as it depends on the peak load only. Other indices, such as CT-index, depend on more than one parameter and reflect a reasonably more realistic evaluation.

Investigating the Impact of Polymer and Portland Cement on the Crack Resistance of Half-Warm Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures

“…If the deformation of the sample under loading is recorded, the integration of the area under the curve of the ITS against horizontal deformation will yield the toughness of the bituminous mixture. The indirect tolerance index (or CT-index) is a simple alternative test indicator of the indirect tension test strength that was introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of mixtures in resisting cracking [53]. This newly developed cracking performance index was declared by the Texas A and M Transportation Institute [54] and reflects mode I of fracture mechanism according to the ASTM D 19 testing method [55].…”

A Sustainable Cold Mix Asphalt Mixture Comprising Paper Sludge Ash and Cement Kiln Dust

“…Thus, there seems to be an increasing trend worldwide toward the usage of cold bitumen emulsion mixes for a variety of reasons [13], including the following: (i) the elimination of heating for both the binder and aggregate during mixture manufacture, (ii) contribution to environmental protection, and (iii) energy conservation. Nonetheless, such mixtures reported poorer mechanical characteristics, including low early strength, a lengthy curing period, and a significant air void content as compared to the HMA [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Geopolymerization of Recycled Glass Waste: A Sustainable Solution for a Lightweight and Fire-Resistant Material

“…The implementation of recycled glass as a partial replacement of fine aggregates in cementitious mixtures was successfully investigated through extensive research. For non-structural applications, recycled glass was implemented into pre-cast specimens [8], asphalt mixtures mostly as a mineral powder filler [9][10][11][12], and insulation materials (glass foam) [4].…”