Evaluating the degree of chemical contamination of underground aquifers in Botswana and analysing viable purification and desalination means; a review

Crosslinked graphene oxide membranes: Enhancing membrane material conservation and optimisation

“…5 3.9 ± 0.6 GO0.25PPD1.0 4.0 ± 0.6 GO0.25PPD2.0 4.2 ± 0.4 GO0.5PPD0.1 4.6 ± 0.8 GO0.5PPD0. 3 5.7 ± 0.8 GO0.5PPD0. 5 6.1 ± 0.4 GO0.5PPD1.0 5.9 ± 0.3 GO0.5PPD2.0 6.2 ± 0.4…”

“…The increasing global water stress and consumption demand alludes to the urgent need for the manufacturing of durable and efficient water purification materials and procedures [1][2][3]. Among the existing purification processes, like distillation, flocculation and coagulation, membrane separation is relatively the most favourable due to its reliability coupled with efficiency in contaminant removal and the variety of materials available for usage [4,5].…”

Systematic covalent crosslinking of graphene oxide membranes using 1,3,5 triazine 2,4,6 triamine for enhanced structural intactness and improved nanofiltration performance

“…Different water purification and desalination methods thus ought to be developed and improved in efficiency and durability. The methods include conventional ones like distillation, filtration and chemical oriented processes like flocculation and coagulation [9,10]. The use of the latter chemical methods are however impeded by cost intensiveness from large sludge generation and removal post purification as well as damage to separation modules by the chemical species used [11,12].…”