Evaluating the effect of Bio-fertilizers in mitigating GHGs in Puddled rice (Oryza sativa. L)

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the important cereal food grain crop grown extensively in tropical and sub-tropical region of the world (Kumar et al., 2014). The staple food for more than 50% of the world's population is rice. Rice is raised over 114 countries and accounts for nearly 11% of the world's agricultural land. India ranks first in terms of area (45.1 M ha) and second in production (104.80 million tones ) behind China. To meet the demand by 2050, India must produce roughly 140 million tonnes of rice (Statista, 2021). With 50 and 60 per cent of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions coming from agriculture (Rivera JE and Chará, 2021), it