The aim of this systematic review was to identify the challenges imposed on medical and surgical education by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the proposed innovations enabling the continuation of medical student and resident training. A systematic review on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed on April 18th, 2020, and yielded 1288 articles. Sixty-one of the included manuscripts were synthesized in a qualitative description focused on two major axes, "challenges" and "innovative solutions", and two minor axes, "mental health" and "medical students in the frontlines". Shortage of personal protective equipment, suspension of clinical clerkships and observerships and reduction in elective surgical cases unavoidably affect medical and surgical education. Interesting solutions involving the use of virtual learning, videoconferencing, social media and telemedicine could effectively tackle the sudden cease in medical education. Furthermore, trainee's mental health should be safeguarded, and medical students can be involved in the COVID-19 clinical treatment if needed. In December 2019, a case series of a novel type of pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China. The causing viral agent was identified as a novel betacoronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, and the respective infection was named as "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". As of today, COVID-19 has affected world health to an unprecedented degree. More than 2.44 million cases and 165,000 deaths worldwide have been reported as of 20th April 2020 (1). The pandemic and subsequent mitigation measures have severely impacted all but the most essential activities, effectively shutting down operations in commerce and services. Education has also been disproportionately affected, as the congregation of the youngest members of the community in closed spaces can significantly contribute to the spread of the virus. In total, more that 900 million learners in all levels of education, including higher education, have been affected (2, 3). Medical education equips clinicians with the knowledge and skills to provide safe healthcare to patients. Those receiving medical education do so, ultimately to provide this service to patients, an essential process to ensure a competent workforce. However, those recipients have responsibilities primarily towards service provision and supporting their health system, particularly in times of crisis. This is exemplified by the shutdown of academic institutions worldwide, reallocation of academic trainees into clinical roles and cessation of mandatory training and teaching. Many trainees have been prevented from rotating into new specialties or training positions and supplementary research and audit work that is not essential has been postponed. The aforementioned measures, whilst drastic for medical education, are seen as necessary to ensure health systems can cope with the burden COVID-19.