Evaluating the effects of chitosan, plant oils, and different diets on rumen metabolism and protozoan population in sheep

Wencelová, M.; Váradyová, Zora; Mihaliková, K.; Kišidayová, Svetlana; Jalč, D.

doi:10.3906/vet-1307-19

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with those of the authors cited above. The number of species in the genera Diplodinium and Ophryoscolex decreased before feeding and 8 h after feeding when sheep were fed rapeseed oil; this is consistent with the results of in vitro study by Wencelova et al (2014), who reported that the addition of rapeseed oil decreased the number of Enoploplastron triloricatum and Polyplastron multivesiculatum (subfamily Diplodininae) as well as Ophryoscolex c. tricronatus (subfamily Ophryoscolecinae). Rapeseed oil is rich in unsaturated acids, oleic acid C18:1, and linoleic acid C18:2, and a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids may reduce the ciliate population in the rumen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…These results are consistent with findings of Cieslak et al (2015), who reported that the density of the ciliate population in the rumen of cows significantly decreased 3 and 6 h after feeding a diet containing a mixture of rapeseed and fish oils. Wencelova et al (2014) showed that the density of total protozoa as well as that of Entodinium spp. decreased when hay and barley grains (800 : 200 or 500 : 500 w/w) were incubated with rapeseed oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation of rapeseed and linseed oils to sheep rations: effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and protozoal populations

Majewska¹,

Miltko²,

Bełżecki³

et al. 2017

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Majewska M.P., Miltko R., Bełżecki G., Skomiał J., Kowalik B. (2017): Supplementation of rapeseed and linseed oils to sheep rations: effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and protozoal populations. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 527−538.The study was performed on six sheep fitted with a cannula in the rumen and re-entrant cannula in the duodenum; divided into three groups, two sheep in each. The animals were fed meadow hay and the concentrate alone or the same diet supplemented with rapeseed or linseed oils at a dose of 5% of the basal diet. Ruminal degradation of protein and acid detergent fibre were lower when sheep were fed rapeseed compared to linseed oil (P < 0.05). The addition of oils to diets caused increased ruminal degradation of fat (P < 0.01). The density of protozoa in the rumen at 2 or 4 h after feeding was lower than before feeding in each experimental group. The inclusion of rapeseed oil in the diet decreased the total number of ciliates and Entodinium spp. compared with control and animals fed linseed oil (P < 0.01). Before feeding, the concentration of Diplodinium and Ophryoscolex spp. were lower in sheep fed rapeseed oil compared to control (P < 0.05), and the number of Dasytricha species decreased 2 h after feeding linseed oil compared to animals fed rapeseed oil (P < 0.05). Each of the oil supplements decreased the bacterial mass in the rumen compared with control (P < 0.01). The addition of rapeseed oil to the diet decreased total volatile fatty acid and acetate concentrations in the rumen in comparison to control and sheep receiving linseed oil (P < 0.01). In both diets, the estimated emission of methane and carbon dioxide (P < 0.01) increased 2 and 4 h after feeding compared to that at 0 h. The oleic acid more strongly reduced protozoa and digestive processes in the rumen than linolenic acid. Nevertheless, the quantity of oils added was still too low to induce detectable changes in methane formation in the rumen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of rapeseed and linseed oils to sheep rations: effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and protozoal populations

Majewska¹,

Miltko²,

Bełżecki³

et al. 2017

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Several factors can be related to micN production reduction including changes in ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, and decreased feed intake and nutrient digestibility of cows fed WRS+CHI. In addition, evidence indicates that CHI can inhibit ciliate protozoal populations in a lower degree in comparison with vegetable oils (Wencelová et al, 2014). The inhibitory effects of lipids on protozoa can improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis even with a reduction of OM and NDF digestibility (Doreau and Ferlay, 1995;Eugène et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chitosan and whole raw soybeans on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Zanferari

Vendramini

Rentas

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate whether providing chitosan (CHI) to cows fed diets supplemented with whole raw soybeans (WRS) would affect the nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, microbial protein synthesis, N utilization, blood metabolites, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (141 ± 37.1 d in milk, 38.8 ± 6.42 kg/d of milk yield; mean ± SD) were enrolled to a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 23-d periods. Cows were blocked within Latin squares according to milk yield, days in milk, body weight, and rumen cannula (n = 8). A 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement was randomly assigned to cows within blocks. Treatments were composed of diets with 2 inclusion rates of WRS (0 or 14% diet dry matter) and 2 doses of CHI (0 or 4 g/kg of dry matter, Polymar Ciência e Nutrição, Fortaleza, Brazil). In general, CHI+WRS negatively affected nutrient intake and digestibility of cows, decreasing milk yield and solids production. The CHI increased ruminal pH and decreased acetate to propionate ratio, and WRS reduced NH-N concentration and acetate to propionate in the rumen. The CHI reduced the relative bacterial population of Butyrivibrio group, whereas WRS decreased the relative bacterial population of Butyrivibrio group, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, and increased the relative bacterial population of Streptococcus bovis. No interaction effects between CHI and WRS were observed on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations. The CHI+WRS decreased N intake, microbial N synthesis, and N secreted in milk of cows. The WRS increased N excreted in feces and consequently decreased the N excreted in urine. The CHI had no effects on blood metabolites, but WRS decreased blood concentrations of glucose and increased blood cholesterol concentration. The CHI and WRS improved efficiency of milk yield of cows in terms of fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and net energy of lactation. The CHI increased milk concentration [g/100 g of fatty acids (FA)] of 18:1 trans-11, 18:2 cis-9,cis-12, 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, 18:1 cis-9,trans-11, total monounsaturated FA, and total polyunsaturated FA. The WRS increased total monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, and 18:0 to unsaturated FA ratio in milk of cows. Evidence indicates that supplementing diets with unsaturated fat sources along with CHI negatively affects nutrient intake and digestibility of cows, resulting in less milk production. Diet supplementation with CHI or WRS can improve feed efficiency and increases unsaturated FA concentration in milk of dairy cows.

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“…Whereby propionate and methane are competing substances for hydrogen reception, lipid addition can increase ruminal propionate concentration and decrease methane synthesis (Eugene et al (2004)). Likewise, Wencelova et al (2014) found that chitosan inhibits some protozoan populations, but with lower intensity than vegetables oils. In this study, however, chitosan had no effect on ruminal VFA profile and microbial protein synthesis, using purine derivatives as marker.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary chitosan improves nitrogen use and feed conversion in diets for mid-lactation dairy cows

et al. 2017

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Feed additives and fat sources have been used to meet high productive dairy cow energy requirements. This study aimed to evaluate dietary chitosan and soybean oil effects on mid-lactation dairy cow intake, digestibility, metabolism and productive performance. Twenty-four Holstein cows (134.7 ± 53.1 days in milk, 36.14 ± 5.32 kg/day of milk yield, and 581.2 ± 73.6 kg of body weight, Mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods, with 14 d of adaptation and 7 d for data collection. The treatment arrangement was a 2×2 factorial design with two levels of chitosan (0 and 4 g/kg of dietary dry matter-DM) and two levels of soybean oil (0 and 33 g/kg of dietary DM). Chitosan decreased intake only in diets without oil (P < 0.05). Regardless of fat addition, chitosan increased DM and CP digestibility (P < 0.05). Soybean oil and chitosan increased total serum cholesterol (P < 0.05). Chitosan diet had higher urea plasma concentration than control diet (CON) (P < 0.05). Over all, soybean oil increased propionate and decreased acetate ruminal molar proportion, and therefore decreased acetate:propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Chitosan decreased milk yield, nitrogen use and feed conversion efficiencies in oil-diets (P < 0.05). Soybean oil decreased short and medium milk fatty acids concentration (P < 0.05). Chitosan had no effect on long-chain milk fatty acids in diets with soybean oil (P > 0.05). However, in free oil-diets, chitosan increased milk polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration, nitrogen and energy efficiency. Chitosan addition in free-fat diets improved feed efficiency, increased milk unsaturated fatty acids concentration and association with soybean oil negatively affect animal performance.

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Evaluating the effects of chitosan, plant oils, and different diets on rumen metabolism and protozoan population in sheep

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Supplementation of rapeseed and linseed oils to sheep rations: effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and protozoal populations

Supplementation of rapeseed and linseed oils to sheep rations: effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and protozoal populations

Effects of chitosan and whole raw soybeans on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations, and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Dietary chitosan improves nitrogen use and feed conversion in diets for mid-lactation dairy cows

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