Evaluating the Effects of Water-Nitrogen Interactions on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation As Well As Related Metabolic Enzymes Activity in Autumn Maize

Zhang, Zhi Qin; Hu, Yu; Tung, Shahbaz Atta; Li, Yang; Wang, Yong; Zhou, X. B.

doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01398-x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…An appropriate nitrogen fertilizer supply can increase the SPS and SS enzyme activities in wheat flag leaves during the grain filling period, increase the sucrose content in grains, and increase the supply level of starch synthesis substrates, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer is the opposite [30]. In this study, we found that the activities of key enzymes of sucrose metabolism (SPS, SS) in flag leaves and grains after flowering showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase in the number of days after flowering under different treatments, which is in agreement with the results of Zhang et al [31]. The activities of the flag leaves' SPS and SS reached their maximum at 21 days, while the activities of the grain SPS and SS reached their maximum at 28 days.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Application Rate On Sucrose Metabolism In...supporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Root Trace Nitrogen Reduction in Arid Areas on Sucrose–Starch Metabolism of Flag Leaves and Grains and Yield of Drip-Irrigated Spring Wheat

Ma,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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To investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) application on the carbon metabolism and yield of flag leaves and grains of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang, a split-zone design was adopted from 2020 to 2021, with strong-gluten wheat, Xinchun 37 (XC37), and medium-gluten wheat, Xinchun 6 (XC 6), as the main zones and different nitrogen application rates as the sub-zones. Four nitrogen application rates of 0, 210, 255, and 300 kg·ha−1 (CK2, B1, A1, and CK1, respectively) were set to analyze and compare the nitrogen response of key enzyme activity, soluble sugar, and sucrose and starch content in flag leaves and grains to control yield formation. The results showed that with the increase in nitrogen application, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) in flag leaves; the activities of SS, adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in grains; the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose in the flag leaves; and the yield, all first increased and then decreased. There is a significant difference between A1 (255 kg·ha−1) and the CK1 (300 kg·ha−1), B1 (210 kg·ha−1), and CK2 (0 kg·ha−1) treatments under the above indicators, with increases of 8–158%, 9–155%, 8–53%, 5–63%, 3–86%, 3–57%, 9–79%, 9–197%, and 9–113%, as well as higher levels of amylose, amylopectin, and total starch content than other treatments by 2–30%, 11–84%, and 8–63%, respectively. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses indicated highly a significant positive correlation between the yield and soluble sugar and sucrose of flag leaves and grains, as well as their key enzymes and starch. Among them, soluble sugar in grains, amylopectin, and sucrose in grains have the greatest impact on the yield of XC37, determining 85% of its yield. SSS, soluble sugars in grains, amylopectin, and SBE have the greatest impact on the yield of XC 6, determining 80% of its yield. The starch showed a highly significant positive correlation with ADPG-PPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE. There was a significant interaction effect between the nitrogen application rate and variety, with better performance observed in Xinchun 37 compared to Xinchun 6. Under drip irrigation conditions in arid areas, a nitrogen application of 255 kg·ha−1 can effectively regulate the metabolism of sucrose to starch in the flag leaves and grains of spring wheat, which is conducive to the accumulation of starch in grains and the formation of yield.

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Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Application Rate On Sucrose Metabolism In...supporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Root Trace Nitrogen Reduction in Arid Areas on Sucrose–Starch Metabolism of Flag Leaves and Grains and Yield of Drip-Irrigated Spring Wheat

Ma,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Agronomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, we found that the activities of key enzymes of sucrose metabolism (SPS, SS) in flag leaves and grains after flowering showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase in the number of days after flowering under different treatments, which is in agreement with the results of Zhang et al(2023). The activities of flag leaves SPS and SS reached their maximum at 21 days, while the activities of grain SPS and SS reached their maximum at 28 days.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Application Rate On Sucrose Metabolism In...supporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of Root Trace Nitrogen Reduction in Arid Areas on Sucrose Starch Metabolism and Yield of Flag Leaves and Grains of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation

Ma,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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To investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) application on carbon metabolism and yield of flag leaves and grains of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang, a split - plot design was adopted from 2020 to 2021, with strong gluten wheat Xinchun 37 (XC37) and medium gluten wheat Xinchun 6 (XC 6) as the main plot factor and different nitrogen application rates as subplot factor. Four nitrogen application rates of 0, 210, 255 and 300 kg·hm-2 (CK2, B1, A1 and CK1, respectively) were set to analyze and compare the nitrogen response of key enzyme activity, soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content in flag leaves and grains to control yield formation. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application, Sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) and sucrose synthetase (SS) in flag leaves, SS in seeds, activities of adenosine diphosphate pyrophosphorylase (ADPG - PPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS), bound starch synthase (GBSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in seeds, contents of soluble sugar and sucrose and yield in flag leaves increased first increasing and then decreasing. The A1 treatment (255 kg·hm-2) showed significant differences compared to other treatments, with increases of 7.95–158.33%, 8.69–155.12%, 7.65–53.25%, 5.41–62.83%, 2.85–85.52%, 3.08–57.30%, 8.87–79.16%, 9.33–196.55%, 9.43–112.78%, and higher levels of amylose, amylopectin, and total starch content than other treatments by 1.86–30.38%, 10.58–83.69%, and 7.96–63.09%, respectively. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis indicate highly significant positive correlation between yield and solube sugar and sucrose of flag leaves and grains, as well as their key emzymes and starch. Among them, soluble sugar in grains, amylopectin, and sucrose in grains have the greatest impact on the yield of XC37, determining 84.5% of its yield. SSS, soluble sugars in grains, amylopectin, and SBE have the greatest impact on the yield of XC 6, determining 80.4% of its yield. The starch shows a highly significant positive correlation with ADPG - PPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE. There is a significant interaction effect between nitrogen application rate and variety, with better performance observed in Xinchun 37 compared to Xinchun 6. Under drip irrigation conditions in arid areas, nitrogen application of 255 kg·hm-2 can effectively regulate the metabolism of sucrose to starch in flag leaves and grains of spring wheat, which is conducive to the accumulation of starch in grains and the formation of yield.

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Synergistic Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilisation on Maize Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Rainfed Systems in Drought‐Prone Environments

Huang,

Gao,

Khan

et al. 2024

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Maize, a cereal crop of global significance, encounters cultivation challenges in the subtropical regions of Guangxi, mainly due to variable rainfall and low soil fertility, exacerbating the effects of drought. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on overcoming these challenges and improving maize growth and yield. Between 2020 and 2021, a split‐plot experiment was conducted. The main plots were assigned to two irrigation treatments: irrigated and rainfed. Within each main plot, subplots were treated with different nitrogen levels (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha−1). The results showed that nitrogen levels and water regime significantly impacted several key factors, including the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), carbon‐metabolising enzymes and total carbon (TC) content accumulation. Under drought‐like rainfed conditions, the application of nitrogen, RN300 (rainfed application nitrogen 300 kg ha−1), IN250 (irrigated application nitrogen 250 kg ha−1) significantly enhanced the Pn (10.0%), Tr (3.17%), Ci (3.41%) and Gs (2.6%). Additionally, PAR was significantly influenced by the water regime and nitrogen levels. Under IN250, the capture ratio (Ca) increased (2.36%), while the penetration ratio (Pe) and reflectance ratio (Re) decreased by 13.12% and 46.36%, respectively, compared to RN300. The levels of carbon metabolism enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and the TC content were higher under RN300 compared to IN250; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Path analysis revealed that thousand kernel weight had the most significant impact on yield under both water regimes. The effect was stronger under irrigated conditions, with a path coefficient of 0.647, compared to 0.459 under rainfed conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that plant height (0.938), stem diameter (0.906), ear diameter (0.928) and ear length (0.803) were positively correlated with nitrogen levels. In conclusion, maize under IN250 exhibited superior photosynthetic performance and carbon accumulation. This suggests that balanced irrigation and nitrogen management can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of drought on maize, optimising growth and yield sustainably.

show abstract

Evaluating the Effects of Water-Nitrogen Interactions on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation As Well As Related Metabolic Enzymes Activity in Autumn Maize

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of Root Trace Nitrogen Reduction in Arid Areas on Sucrose–Starch Metabolism of Flag Leaves and Grains and Yield of Drip-Irrigated Spring Wheat

Effects of Root Trace Nitrogen Reduction in Arid Areas on Sucrose–Starch Metabolism of Flag Leaves and Grains and Yield of Drip-Irrigated Spring Wheat

Effects of Root Trace Nitrogen Reduction in Arid Areas on Sucrose Starch Metabolism and Yield of Flag Leaves and Grains of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation

Synergistic Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilisation on Maize Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Rainfed Systems in Drought‐Prone Environments

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