Evaluating the Efficacy of 30 Different Essential Oils against Varroa destructor and Honey Bee Workers (Apis mellifera)

Hýbl, Marian; Bohatá, Andrea; Rádsetoulalová, Iva; Kopecký, Marek; Hoštičková, Irena; Vaníčková, Alena; Mráz, Petr

doi:10.3390/insects12111045

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In our experiments, the essential oil of O. heracleoticum was effective both by contact and by fumigation. The results of our study are comparable to those of Hybl et al (2021) [59] which verified the efficacy of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare against adult female Varroa mites, in laboratory conditions. Indeed, in their in vitro study, Hybl et al (2021) used the same test employed in our study (glass-vial residual bioassay) to evaluate the acaricidal activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Importantly, Hybl et al (2021) [ 59 ] estimated the mortality of Varroa mite after 2 and 4 h of essential oil exposure, with a 100% mortality rate. In the present study, following the indications of Bava et al (2021) [ 26 ], the mortality rate was evaluated one hour after EO exposure, reaching a mortality percentage of 90.9% (2 mg/mL concentration).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Veterinary Pharmacology for Honey Bee Welfare and Health: Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil for the Control of the Apis mellifera Varroatosis

Castagna

Bava

Piras

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Varroatosis, caused by the Varroa destructor mite, is currently the most dangerous parasitic disease threatening the survival of honey bees worldwide. Its adverse effect on the welfare and health of honey bees requires the regular use of specific acaricides. This condition has led to a growing development of resistance phenomena towards the most frequently used drugs. In addition, another important aspect that should not be understated, is the toxicity and persistence of chemicals in the environment. Therefore, the identification of viable and environmentally friendly alternatives is urgently needed. In this scenario, essential oils are promising candidates. The aim of this study was to assess the contact toxicity, the fumigation efficacy and the repellent effect of Origanum heracleoticum L. essential oil (EO) against V. destructor mite. In the contact tests, each experimental replicate consisted of 15 viable adult female mites divided as follows: 5 treated with EO diluted in HPLC grade acetone, 5 treated with acetone alone (as negative control) and 5 treated with Amitraz diluted in acetone (as positive control). The EO was tested at concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL. For each experimental replicate, mortality was manually assessed after one hour. The efficacy of EO fumigation was evaluated through prolonged exposure at different time intervals. After each exposure, the 5 mites constituting an experimental replicate were transferred to a Petri dish containing a honey bee larva and mortality was assessed after 48 h. The repellent action was investigated by implementing a directional choice test in a mandatory route. During the repellency tests the behavior of the mite (90 min after its introduction in the mandatory route) was not influenced by the EO. In contact tests, EO showed the best efficacy at 2 and 1 mg/mL concentrations, neutralizing (dead + inactivated) 90.9% and 80% of the mites, respectively. In fumigation tests, the mean mortality rate of V. destructor at maximum exposure time (90 min) was 60% and 84% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate a significant efficacy of O. heracleoticum EO against V. destructor, suggesting a possible alternative use in the control of varroatosis in honey bee farms in order to improve Apis mellifera welfare and health and, consequently, the hive productions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Veterinary Pharmacology for Honey Bee Welfare and Health: Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil for the Control of the Apis mellifera Varroatosis

Castagna

Bava

Piras

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…For these reasons, alternative methods of mite control have been promoted, such as the utilization of natural substances, particularly organic acids (such as formic acid and oxalic acid) and essential oils and their individual components (e.g. thymol) 21,22 . Although the aforementioned natural substances have displayed promising activity against Varroa , numerous studies have reported variable efficacy among treated colonies, as well as across different geographical regions and seasons 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…thymol). 21,22 Although the aforementioned natural substances have displayed promising activity against Varroa, numerous studies have reported variable efficacy among treated colonies, as well as across different geographical regions and seasons. 23 Consequently, there is a growing demand for new methods to control Varroa while ensuring honey bee safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium salts: assessment of their chronic and acute toxicities to honey bees and their anti‐Varroa field efficacy

Sevin

Bommuraj

Chen

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Varroa control is essential for the maintenance of healthy honey bee colonies. Overuse of acaricides has led to the evolution of resistance to those substances. Studies of the short‐term acaricidal effects and safety of various lithium (Li) salts recently have been reported. This study examined the long‐term in vitro and in vivo bee toxicities, short‐term motor toxicity to bees and long‐term anti‐Varroa field efficacy of several Li salts. RESULTS In an in vitro chronic‐toxicity assay, lithium citrate (18.8 mm) was the most toxic of the examined salts, followed by lithium lactate (29.5 mm), and lithium formate (32.5 mm). In terms of acute locomotor toxicity to bees, all of the Li salts were well‐tolerated and none of the treatment groups differed from the negative control group. In an in vitro survival study, all of the Li treatments significantly reduced bee life spans by a factor of 1.8–7.2, as compared to the control. In terms of life expectancy, lithium citrate was the most toxic salt, with no significant differences noted between lithium formate and lithium lactate. In the bee‐mortality field study, none of the examined treatments differed from the negative control. Amitraz and lithium formate exhibited similar acaricide effects, which were significantly different from those observed for lithium lactate and the negative control. CONCLUSION In light of lithium formate's honey bee safety and efficacy as an acaricide, additional sublethal toxicity studies in brood, drones and queens, as well as tests aimed at the optimization of administration frequency are warranted. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Thus, the use of naturally origin acaricides that are safe for non-target species as human and bees is highly being promoted. Many plant essential oils exhibit considerable acaricidal activity (Sabahi et al, 2018) can be used as natural miticides and alternative to, or in rotation with synthetic miticides to give the colonies a break from chemical sublethal effects or combs contamination (Hýbl, et al, 2021). Caraway (Carum carvi L., family: Apiaceae) is a widespread plant grown everywhere in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Carum carvi essential oil against the parasitic varroa mite and its impact on honeybee Apis mellifera L.

El-Gendy

Sakla

2022

Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences

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The Caraway, Carum carvi essential oil was assessed to behave as natural control of bee parasitic mite, Varroa destructor during fall season instead of chemicals methods. Caraway oil (100%) was used and compared to the synthetic acaricide; Apistan. The number of fallen mites and infestation percentages on both adult and brood were estimated regarding the effects of essential oil on honeybees Apis mellifera. The essential oil from C. carvi seeds were extracted by hydro distillation and characterized by GC/MS. Sixteen compounds were identified representing; 97.33% of the oil. The predominant components were Limonene (38.81%), Carvone (35.43 %), α-Myrcene (7.3%), Dihydrocarvone (5.58%) and Limonene oxide (5.13%). The infestation reduction percentages, recorded with Caraway oil, reached 84.42% and 70.65% on adult and brood workers after 21 days of treatments with no statistical difference with Apistan. The mean numbers of fallen Varroa mites were (67.67) and (74.65) in hives treated by essential oil and Apistan, respectively. The immune response of honeybee workers and pupa revealed significant elevation in phenol oxidase activity with Caraway oil however, remarkable inhibition in the enzyme activity observed with workers exposed to Apistan. The comet assay performed on worker honeybee as a biomarker of DNA damage; revealed statistically significant increase in DNA damage caused with Apistan (20.1%) and infested bee (21.64 %) compared to corresponding one treated with Caraway essential oil (12.4%) and control (9.6%). Caraway essential oil proved a safe way as natural controlling of Varoaa destructive with keep guard of honeybee social life and fit into IPM programs

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Evaluating the Efficacy of 30 Different Essential Oils against Varroa destructor and Honey Bee Workers (Apis mellifera)

Cited by 34 publications

References 83 publications

Green Veterinary Pharmacology for Honey Bee Welfare and Health: Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil for the Control of the Apis mellifera Varroatosis

Green Veterinary Pharmacology for Honey Bee Welfare and Health: Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil for the Control of the Apis mellifera Varroatosis

Lithium salts: assessment of their chronic and acute toxicities to honey bees and their anti‐Varroa field efficacy

Efficacy of Carum carvi essential oil against the parasitic varroa mite and its impact on honeybee Apis mellifera L.

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