Evaluating the environmental impacts of conventional and organic apple production in Nova Scotia, Canada, through life cycle assessment

Keyes, Sarah; Tyedmers, Peter; Beazley, Karen F.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.037

Cited by 78 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the variations of energy consumption do not only depend on the age of the orchard, but also on other variables, in particular, fruit type, geographical location, climatic conditions, irrigation system, phytosanitary treatments application, as well as, pest and disease incidence and control optimization [23]. As provided by Keyes et al [22], fuel consumption is higher in the apple cultivation, especially during pruning and harvest operations, because hydra-ladders are required. Fuel consumption for post-harvest period is not compared, as it depends on several factors with high variability, including speed and distance traveled.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Energy Life-Cycle Assessment of Fruit Products—Case Study of Beira Interior’s Peach (Portugal)

Gaspar

Silva

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Currently, there is a growing demand for cleaner and sustainable technologies due to environmental issues. In this sense, there is a necessity to manage the assessment of production processes and the rationalization of energy consumption. In this study, an Energy Life-Cycle Assessment (ELCA) was carried out through energy efficiency indicators, directed to the characterization and renewability of the peach production system life-cycle in the Portuguese region of Beira Interior. The study intends to investigate the non-renewable energy inputs from fossil fuels, as well as the emissions resulting from machinery. In addition, warehouse energy inputs are analyzed, mainly cooling systems of refrigerated chambers where fruits are preserved. This analysis aims to find opportunities for technological, environmental and best practices improvements. Test scenarios were analyzed and revealing soil groundcover maintenance is the operation with the largest impact in the energy consumption of the production process (3176 MJ·ha−1). In the post-harvest processes, the energy consumption largest impact is given by the warehouse’s operations (35,700 MJ·ha−1), followed by transportation (6180 MJ·ha−1). Concerning the emissions resulting from the fuels consumption, the largest impact is due to the plantation machinery and the transportation from warehouse to retailers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Keyes et al [22] conducted a study on apple production in the Nova Scotia province, in Canada. The study quantified and evaluated resources, such as the energy required for production, storage and transportation.…”

Section: Lca Applied To Fruit Products: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Life-Cycle Assessment of Fruit Products—Case Study of Beira Interior’s Peach (Portugal)

Gaspar

Silva

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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“…In India, with the growing demand for organic food in the key markets especially US and EU, APEDA took the initiative to design export policy that can help the country sign equivalence arrangements with key trading partners. 1 The NPOP was developed by APEDA in early 2000, which laid down the standards, regulations, labeling process, logo, third-party mandatory certification requirements and the certification process for exports. The third-party certification system with traceability to farm was developed as products exported to key developed country markets can only be labelled as organic if they are certified by a third-party certification agency, which itself meets certain global standards.…”

Section: The Regulatory Framework In Select Asean Countries and Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, there is growing awareness of environmental protection, sustainable agricultural practices and the adverse impact of chemical inputs (such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and bactericides) on the soil, environment and human health. This has prompted a shift towards organic farming and consumption of organic food products by both the developed as well as developing countries [1,2]. Organic food products are broadly defined as those food products which are produced without the use of synthetic external inputs such as chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides and synthetic hormones or genetically modified organisms.…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating Trade in Organic Food Products: The Case of India and ASEAN

Mukherjee¹,

Kapoor²

2018

JAST-B

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This paper discusses how India and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries can increase their trade in organic food products. With rise in demand for organic food products globally, India and select ASEAN member countries have become key producers and exporters of organic food products. Trade in organic food products is governed by regulations, standards, certification and accreditation procedures, which enables differentiation of organic products from conventional products. Organic standards ensure premium price for the farmers and producers, while consumers are assured of authenticity of the product. Standards can act as a barrier to trade as regulations governing organic food products can vary across countries. Some countries are also in process of developing regulations. This paper discusses the role of different multilateral agencies in designing standards and how countries can address issues of difference in standards by signing unilateral and bilateral equivalence arrangements, trade agreements and harmonizing their standards within regional groups. It also discusses how India and ASEAN countries can align their domestic regulations in line with the global best practices so that they can sign equivalence arrangements to enhance their exports. The paper concludes that measures such as coming up with a comprehensive definition of "organic", having a uniform standard for organic products encompassing domestic market and trade, having a single nodal agency for both domestic market and exports, developing organic clusters and reducing the cost of third-party certification will help enhance trade in India and ASEAN, and enable these countries to access third country markets.

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“…This use has been followed by deterioration of soil health and contamination of water and food chains [1]. For safe and sustainable food production, some farmers have adopted and attempted to employ management techniques that protect the environment and improve biological and natural processes [2]. Organic agriculture has been considered as an alternative strategy to conventional farming to maintain soil health and protect the environment by eliminating the use of synthetic chemicals [3], although lower production by organic farming compared to conventional production systems has been reported [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and soil properties in organic and conventional paddies throughout the rice cultivation cycle in South Korea

Lee

홍승길

et al. 2018

Environmental Engineering Research

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Water and soil properties in paddy fields subjected to organic and conventional farming were characterized over the rice cycle in South Korea. To achieve the goals of this study, we sampled and analyzed soil and water from 24 organic paddy plots and 11 conventional paddy plots in March, May, August, and October 2016. The results were analyzed using statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The ANOVA results showed that water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), and available phosphorus (P2O5) in soil varied significantly (p < 0.01) depending on the farming method. Higher OM, EC, and P2O5 of soil were observed in the conventional paddies than in the organic paddies. All soil properties, except pH and ammonium, depended on seasonal variation. Cluster analysis revealed that soil properties in May were distinctly separated from those in other seasons mainly due to basal fertilization. The principal component analysis distinguished the soil properties in different seasons, but such a distinction was not observed between the soil properties in organic and conventional paddies. Low contents of WC, OM, and total N were observed in March. High concentrations of nitrate and total P were observed in May, but these were low in August and October. The soils from October were also characterized by high concentrations of EC and P2O5. These results indicate that the sampling time for soil and water can significantly influence the evaluation of soil properties with different farming methods.

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Evaluating the environmental impacts of conventional and organic apple production in Nova Scotia, Canada, through life cycle assessment

Cited by 78 publications

References 40 publications

Energy Life-Cycle Assessment of Fruit Products—Case Study of Beira Interior’s Peach (Portugal)

Energy Life-Cycle Assessment of Fruit Products—Case Study of Beira Interior’s Peach (Portugal)

Facilitating Trade in Organic Food Products: The Case of India and ASEAN

Water and soil properties in organic and conventional paddies throughout the rice cultivation cycle in South Korea

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