Evaluating the impact of a time orientation intervention on well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown: past, present or future?

Dennis, Amelia; Ogden, Jane; Hepper, Erica G.

doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1858335

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…For example, gratitude has been significantly associated with less psychological distress and negative affect, in addition to greater subjective wellbeing, positive affect and emotion, positive self-changes, work satisfaction, and thriving during COVID-19 (e.g., Bono et al, 2020 ; Butler & Jaffe, 2020 ; Casali et al, 2021 ; Jiang, 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2022 ; Mead et al, 2021 ; Nelson-Coffey et al, 2021 ; Syropoulos & Markowitz, 2021 ; Watkins et al, 2021 ). Further, several studies demonstrate the benefits of engaging in gratitude-related interventions during the pandemic, including lower fear of COVID-19, negative affect, and stress, as well as higher self-esteem, positive emotions, mental wellbeing, and social connectedness (e.g., Datu et al, 2021 ; Dennis et al, 2020 , 2022 ; Fekete & Deichert, 2022 ; Geier & Morris, 2022 ). Respondents to self-report surveys also indicate that they expect to feel grateful in the future even in the midst of this crisis (Watkins et al, 2021 ), signaling the long-term impact of the positive emotions associated with gratitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Researchers have emphasized the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on mental health, but less attention has been given to personal strengths promoting resilience during the pandemic. One strength might be gratitude, which supports wellbeing amidst adversity. A two-wave examination of 201 college students revealed anxiety symptom severity increased to a lesser extent from pre-COVID (January–March 2020) to onset-COVID (April 2020) among those who reported greater pre-COVID gratitude. A similar trend appeared for depression symptom severity. Gratitude was also correlated with less negative changes in outlook, greater positive changes in outlook, and endorsement of positive experiences resulting from COVID-19. Thematic analysis showed “strengthened interpersonal connections” and “more time” were the most commonly reported positive experiences. Overall findings suggest gratitude lessened mental health difficulties and fostered positivity at the onset of the pandemic, but more research is needed to determine whether gratitude and other strengths promote resilience as COVID-19 continues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“… 8 , 9 Practising gratitude has been implicated as a predictor of well‐being during lockdown. 10 Gratitude journaling is recommended in many of the online well‐being courses that have proliferated during lockdowns, including the ‘Science of Happiness’ free online course that has attracted over 3 million enrolments. 11 There is a growing body of research that supports Fredrickson's ‘broaden and build’ model, in which experiencing gratitude, along with other positively valenced emotions, broadens the repertoires of action that people are prepared to take.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of appreciation: A discursive analysis of tweets of gratitude expressed to the National Health Service at the outset of the COVID‐19 pandemic

Day

Robert

Leedham‐Green

et al. 2021

Health Expectations

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Background The early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic prompted unprecedented displays of gratitude to healthcare workers. In the United Kingdom, gratitude was a hotly debated topic in public discourse, catalysing compelling displays of civic togetherness but also attracting criticism for being an unhelpful distraction that authorized unrealistic expectations of healthcare workers. Expressions of thanks tend to be neglected as drivers of transformation, and yet, they are important indicators of qualities to which people attach significance. Objective This study aimed to use discursive analysis to explore how the National Health Service (NHS) was constructed in attention‐attracting tweets that expressed and/or discussed gratitude to the NHS. Methods Having determined that Twitter was the most active site for traffic relating to gratitude and the NHS, we established a corpus of 834 most‐liked tweets, purposively sampled from Twitter searches on a day‐by‐day basis over the period of the first lockdown in the United Kingdom (22 March–28 May 2020). We developed a typology for tweets engaging with gratitude as well as analysing what the NHS was thanked for. Results Our analysis, informed by a discursive psychology approach, found that the meanings attributed to gratitude were highly mobile and there were distinct patterns of activity. The NHS was predominantly—and sometimes idealistically—thanked for working, effort, saving and caring. Displays of gratitude were seen as incommensurable with failures of responsibility. The clap‐for‐carers campaign was a potent driver of affect, especially in the early parts of the lockdown. Conclusions The social value of gratitude is implicated in the re‐evaluation of the risks and rewards of healthcare and social care work in the wake of the pandemic. We caution against cynicism about gratitude overshadowing the well‐being effects that expressing and receiving gratitude can engender, particularly given concerns over the detrimental effects of the pandemic on mental health. Public Contribution This study involves the analysis of data provided by the public and published on social media.

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“…Indeed, there is nascent research associating emotional wellbeing during COVID-19 with temporal perspectives. Bodecka et al [16] show that a chronic tendency to "seize the moment" reduces negative emotions in women, while Dennis, Ogden and Hepper [17] find that listing gratitude (which is presumed to elicit a present focus) enhances positive affective states. That literature raises the possibility that temporal perspective influences wellbeing during COVID-19, but it does not pit temporal perspectives against each other, nor does it address coping with threats to self-authenticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Self” under COVID-19: Social role disruptions, self-authenticity and present-focused coping

2021

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Social role disruption is a state involving upheaval of social identities, routines and responsibilities. Such disruption is presently occurring at a global scale due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which poses a threat not only to health and security but also to the social roles that underlie people’s daily lives. Our collective response to combat the virus entails, for example, parents homeschooling children, friends socializing online, and employees working from home. While these collective efforts serve the greater good, people’s social roles now lack continuity from what was authentic to the roles before the pandemic began. This, we argue, takes a psychological toll. Individuals feel inauthentic, or alienated and out-of-touch from their “true” selves, to the extent their social roles undergo change. As evidence, we report survey (Studies 1 & 4) and experimental (Studies 2 & 3) evidence that COVID-19-related role changes indeed increase inauthenticity. This effect occurs independent of (a) how positively/negatively people feel about COVID-19 (Study 2) and (b) how positively/negatively people feel about the role change itself (Studies 3 & 4). Moreover, we identify two moderators of this effect. First, this effect occurs when (and ostensibly because) the social roles undergoing change are central to an individual’s sense of self (Study 2). Second, this effect depends on an individual’s temporal perspective. People can safeguard their self-authenticity in the face of changing social roles if they stay focused on the here-and-now (the present and immediate future), rather than focusing on the past (pre-COVID-19) or future (post-COVID-19) (Studies 3 & 4). This advantage for present-focused coping is observed in both the U.S.A. (Study 3) and Hong Kong (Study 4). We suggest that the reason people feel more authentically themselves when they maintain a present focus is because doing so makes the discontinuity of their social roles less salient.

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Evaluating the impact of a time orientation intervention on well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown: past, present or future?

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19

Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19

An outbreak of appreciation: A discursive analysis of tweets of gratitude expressed to the National Health Service at the outset of the COVID‐19 pandemic

The “Self” under COVID-19: Social role disruptions, self-authenticity and present-focused coping

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