Evaluating the Impact of THC in Hemp Foods and Cosmetics on Human Health and Workplace Drug Tests

Grotenhermen, Franjo; Leson, Gero; Pless, Petra

doi:10.1300/j237v08n02_02

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The presence of THC or CBD may be concentrated on outside of the seeds, which is mainly due to the physical contamination from leaves and flowers of the plant and during processing . Previous studies have reported the THC contents in various hemp derivatives including whole hemp seeds, 2.0; nuts (dehulled hemp seed), 1.5–2.0; HO, 5.0; and hemp seed cake/meal, 2.0 μg/g. , The concentration of THC depends on environmental and genetic factors, as well as the cleaning process . Recent investigations on the possible transfer of THC or its metabolites into animal products following the consumption of up to 24, 9, or 18% of diet of hemp seed cake/meal, hemp seed oil, or hemp seeds, respectively, in broiler chickens and a study on nonlactating dairy cows consuming 10.2% DM of hemp seed meal failed to detect cannabinoids in body tissues, indicating the safety of the hemp-derived products for these animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-Derived Products and Potential for Animal Feed

Mohamed,

Slaski,

Shwaluk

et al. 2023

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-derived products are not approved as feed ingredients in Canada. This study aims to provide detailed chemical characterization of hemp seed (HS)-processing products to support regulatory approval of their potential use as animal feed. Eight cold-pressed derivatives of HS including HS hulls (HH), dehulled HS, HS oil (HO), and HS cake/meal (HC/HM) were analyzed for nutritional, antinutritional, and cannabinoid contents. Although crude protein (CP) was lower (P < 0.0001) in HH (15.7 ± 2.96%) compared to other proteinous derivatives (>20%), all fractions were rich in amino acids. Neutral detergent fiber was highest (P < 0.0001) in HH (58.8 ± 4.77%) and lowest in dehulled HS (2.99 ± 4.77%). However, their energy values in poultry and swine were comparable to HC/HM and coarse HS protein. All fractions, except HO, are rich in macro-and microminerals. Antinutritional factors including heavy metals, nitrate, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol were below the maximum allowable residual levels in food/feed [CFIA Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Rg-8 Regulatory Guidance: Contaminants in Feed (Formerly Rg-1, Chapter 7), 2017. https://inspection.canada.ca/animal-health/livestock-feeds/regulatory-guidance/rg-8/eng/ 1347383943203/1347384015909?chap=0 ([TODO: note]), Commission Regulation EC Setting Maximum Levels for Certain Contaminants in Foodstuffs, 2006, https://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/eur68134.pdf ([TODO: note], and EFSA EFSA J. 2015, 13(6), 4141]. In summary, all HS-derived fractions are nutritionally favorable to serve as potential animal feed ingredients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-Derived Products and Potential for Animal Feed

Mohamed,

Slaski,

Shwaluk

et al. 2023

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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“…The regular and consistent dietary consumption of hemp does not raise concerns about THC levels and related psychotropic problems or other adverse health effects [ 26 ].…”

Section: Harmful Effects Of C Sativa On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a Functional Food in Vegetarian Nutrition

Rizzo,

Storz,

Calapai

2023

Foods

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Recently, there has been a renewed interest in Cannabis sativa and its uses. The recreational use of inflorescences as a source of THC has led to the legal restriction of C. sativa cultivation to limit the detrimental effects of psychotropic substance abuse on health. However, this has also limited the cultivation of textile/industrial varieties with a low content of THC used for textile and nutritional purposes. While previously the bans had significantly penalized the cultivation of C. sativa, today many countries discriminate between recreational use (marijuana) and industrial and food use (hemp). The stalks of industrial hemp (low in psychotropic substances) have been used extensively for textile purposes while the seeds are nutritionally versatile. From hemp seeds, it is possible to obtain flours applicable in the bakery sector, oils rich in essential fatty acids, proteins with a high biological value and derivatives for fortification, supplementation and nutraceutical purposes. Hemp seed properties seem relevant for vegetarian diets, due to their high nutritional value and underestimated employment in the food sector. Hemp seed and their derivatives are a valuable source of protein, essential fatty acids and minerals that could provide additional benefit to vegetarian nutrition. This document aims to explore the information available in the literature about hemp seeds from a nutritional point of view, highlighting possible beneficial effects for humans with particular attention to vegetarian nutrition as a supplemental option for a well-planned diet.

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Uncovering the secrets of industrial hemp in food and nutrition: The trends, challenges, and new-age perspectives

Aloo

Mwiti

Ngugi

et al. 2022

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Evaluating the Impact of THC in Hemp Foods and Cosmetics on Human Health and Workplace Drug Tests

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical Characterization of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-Derived Products and Potential for Animal Feed

Chemical Characterization of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)-Derived Products and Potential for Animal Feed

The Role of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a Functional Food in Vegetarian Nutrition

Uncovering the secrets of industrial hemp in food and nutrition: The trends, challenges, and new-age perspectives

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