Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Postpartum Depression

Waschmann, Malika; Rosen, Kate; Gievers, Ladawna; Hildebrand, Andrea; Laird, Amy; Khaki, Sheevaun

doi:10.1089/jwh.2021.0428

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Five of the included studies detected the mental health of women within 2 weeks postpartum ( 13 , 15 , 28 , 33 , 35 ) and the other 17 studies recorded the mental health of the women within a longer time after delivery. The study quality of 11 studies were high ( 14 – 17 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 39 ) and the other 11 studies were moderate. Nine studies which used the EPDS scale chose a cut-off value of 9–11 ( 12 , 17 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 ), while another eight studies chose a cut-off value of ≥13 ( 14 – 16 , 25 , 29 – 31 , 33 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The study quality of 11 studies were high ( 14 – 17 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 39 ) and the other 11 studies were moderate. Nine studies which used the EPDS scale chose a cut-off value of 9–11 ( 12 , 17 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 ), while another eight studies chose a cut-off value of ≥13 ( 14 – 16 , 25 , 29 – 31 , 33 ). Three studies compared different cut-off values (9–11 and ≥13) ( 13 , 24 , 37 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A total of 22 studies with 11,836 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic timeframe and 15,098 before the COVID-19 pandemic timeframe were included in this meta-analysis. Among the 22 studies, 11 studies were conducted in Europe [two in Belgium ( 14 , 37 ), two in Italy ( 15 , 33 ), two in Spain ( 32 , 34 ), one in Russia ( 39 ) and remaining four were in Germany ( 17 ), Norway ( 26 ), Poland ( 24 ) and Netherlands ( 25 )], six studies were conducted in Asia [two in Japan ( 12 , 27 ), two in China ( 28 , 30 ) and two in Israel ( 13 , 35 )], three studies were conducted in North America [two in Canada ( 16 , 29 ) and one in the United States ( 38 )] and the remaining two studies were conducted in Brazil ( 31 ) and Kenya ( 36 ). Four of the included studies were conducted in developing countries ( 28 , 30 , 31 , 36 ) and the remaining 18 studies were conducted in developed countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Study characteristical and regional influences on postpartum depression before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

Wang²,

Zuo³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundWhile the public is under serious pressure from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the final impact and possible contributing factors to postpartum depression symptoms (PPDS) remain unknown. Therefore, a meta-analysis to investigate the association between PPDS and the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out by comparing the data between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic timeframes and exploring the influencing factors.MethodsThis systematic review was prospectively registered and recorded in a study protocol (Prospero CRD42022336820, http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINALH, Cochrane and Scopus was cmpleted on June 6, 2022. Studies that compared the prevalence of PPD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period were included.ResultsOf 1766 citations identified, 22 studies were included with 15,098 participates before the COVID-19 pandemic and 11,836 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the analysis showed that the epidemic crisis was associated with an increased prevalence of PPDS (OR: 0.81 [0.68, 0.95], P = 0.009, I2 = 59%). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the study characteristics and regions. Within the study characteristics classification, results showed an obvious increase in the prevalence of PPDS during the COVID-19 pandemic if PPDS cutoff was defined as Edinburgh postpartum depression score (EPDS) ≥13 points (OR: 0.72 [0.52, 0.98], P = 0.03, I2 = 67%) and an increased prevalence in follow-ups that happened after 2 weeks (≥ 2 weeks postpartum) (OR: 0.81 [0.68, 0.97], P = 0.02, I2 = 43%). Selected studies that were high-quality (OR: 0.79 [0.64, 0.97], P = 0.02, I2 = 56%) demonstrated an increased prevalence of PPDS during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Sorting by regional factors, studies conducted in Asia (OR: 0.81 [0.70, 0.93], P = 0.003, I2 = 0%) showed an increase of PPDS prevalence rates during the COVID-19 period, while studies conducted in Europe (OR: 0.82 [0.59, 1.13], P = 0.23, I2 = 71%) and North America (OR: 0.66 [0.42, 1.02], P = 0.06, I2 = 65%) showed no significant difference. All studies conducted in the developed (OR: 0.79 [0.64, 0.98], P = 0.03, I2 = 65%) and developing countries (OR: 0.81 [0.69, 0.94], P = 0.007, I2 = 0%) showed an increase of PPDS during the COVID-19 period.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased prevalence of PPDS, especially after long-term follow-up and among the group with a high possibility of depression. The negative influence from the pandemic, causing more PPDS was significant in studies from Asia.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study characteristical and regional influences on postpartum depression before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

Wang²,

Zuo³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The MDD prevalence estimate in our sample of 54.5% is higher than most previously reported studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies of postpartum depression in the U.S. using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) reported prevalence of probable MDD of 12.4% (Silverman et al, 2020), 11% [ 43 ], 14.3% [ 44 ], and 38% [ 20 ] in postpartum women. A recent meta-analyses of non-U.S. studies reported prevalence estimates of 34% [ 45 ] and 28% [ 9 ] in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Depression in Postpartum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Social Support Buffer Psychosocial Risks and Substance Use?

Howard

Leong

Chambless

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rates of mood disorders and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum women. The present study’s aims were to: (1) examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) evaluate whether social support can buffer the associations between MDD, psychosocial factors (perceived stress, generalized anxiety, and intimate partner violence) and substance use (alcohol and drug use). A nationwide survey included 593 postpartum mothers (within 12 months from birth). Participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD, and provided responses on validated instruments measuring stress, intimate partner violence, suicidal ideation, generalized anxiety, social support, and substance use. A hierarchical logistic regression model assessed the association of psychosocial factors and substance use with MDD. The final model shows that social support attenuates the association of MDD with perceived stress, alcohol use, and drug use, but does not buffer the relationship of MDD with anxiety or intimate partner violence. Social support was shown to significantly attenuate the effects of stress, alcohol use, and drug use on MDD, suggesting that the presence of a strong, supportive social network should be an area of increased focus for public health and healthcare professionals when caring for postpartum women.

show abstract

“…However, there is evidence suggesting no difference between PPD before and after the pandemic. For example, Waschmann et al ( 10 ) in their study on 557 women before pandemic and 504 women after pandemic found that the prevalence of PPD was similar in the two groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pre- and intra-COVID-19 postpartum depression among reproductive aged women: A comparative cross-sectional study in Ahvaz, Iran

Afshari

Tadayon²,

Abedi³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe association between PPD and COVID-19 pandemic has been studied in some countries. This study aimed to compare postpartum depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among reproductive-aged women in Ahvaz, Iran.MethodsThis comparative cross-sectional study involved 600 women of reproductive age in Ahvaz, Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic who were compared with 504 of their counterparts before the pandemic. Literate women who had given birth 1–6 months prior to the study, were aged 18–35, and were willing to participate in this study were recruited. A demographic questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to collect the data. Independent t-test, Chi-square, and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsBefore the pandemic, only 123 (24.9%) of the women had PPD, while during the pandemic, this number rose to 409 (68.2%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the women were 8.727 times more likely to have PPD (95% CI: 5.919–12.868). During the pandemic, women with high school education and those having a high school diploma were 2.454 and 2.054 times more likely to have PPD compared to women with a university degree (95% CI: 1.508–3.996 and 1.302–3.241, respectively).ConclusionThe prevalence of PPD among Iranian reproductive-aged women increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers should seek some strategies to support women during pregnancy and postpartum in times of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

show abstract

Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Postpartum Depression

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Study characteristical and regional influences on postpartum depression before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Study characteristical and regional influences on postpartum depression before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Major Depression in Postpartum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Social Support Buffer Psychosocial Risks and Substance Use?

Comparison of pre- and intra-COVID-19 postpartum depression among reproductive aged women: A comparative cross-sectional study in Ahvaz, Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About