Evaluating the impacts of cumulus, land surface and ocean surface schemes on summertime rainfall simulations over East-to-southeast Asia and the western north Pacific by RegCM4

Li, Yu Bin; Tam, Chi‐Yung; Huang, Wei; Cheung, Kevin K. W.; Gao, Zhiqiu

doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2714-y

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The six experiments with Zeng1 show relatively better ranking scores compared to those with BATS1e and Zeng2 (Figure ). It is worth remembering that the default constant roughness length of 2 × 10 −4 m in BATS1e was overestimated when compared to the Zeng schemes, and the estimated values in Zeng1 were smaller than those in Zeng2 (Li et al , ). Among the three MIT‐Emanuel experiments, experiment 04 with the BATS1e ocean flux scheme gives the best result.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zeng1 and Zeng2), the values are estimated based on the friction velocity with Zeng2 taking into account the viscosity effect. Li et al () showed that the default value of roughness length in BATS1e was overestimated when compared to the Zeng schemes, while the estimated values in Zeng1 were smaller than those in Zeng2. A more detailed description of the 18 runs can also be found in Juneng et al ().…”

Section: Numerical Experiments and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an earlier study, Octaviani and Manomaiphiboon () used RegCM3 over Thailand and confirmed that MIT‐Emanuel performed best on temperature. Using RegCM4, Li et al () evaluated the impacts of cumulus, land surface and ocean surface schemes on summer rainfall over East‐to‐Southeast Asia and the western North Pacific region. They found that the rainfall quality was very sensitive to sea surface roughness length, and its reduction in the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer scheme (BATS1e) (Dickinson et al , ) could mitigate the overestimation of latent heat flux and rainfall over their study area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Performance evaluation of RegCM4 in simulating extreme rainfall and temperature indices over the CORDEX‐Southeast Asia region

Ngo‐Duc

Tangang

Santisirisomboon

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this study, simulations over Southeast Asia (15°S–40°N, 80°–145°E) at 36 km resolution were conducted for the period 1989–2007 using the Regional Climate Model version 4.3 (RegCM4.3) under the framework of the Southeast Asia Regional Climate Downscaling/Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment – Southeast Asia (or SEACLID/CORDEX‐SEA) project. Forced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA‐Interim), 18 experiments were carried out using different combinations of cumulus parameterization and ocean flux schemes. Twelve extreme indices for both rainfall and temperature were estimated from the model output. A statistical omega index was used to measure the degree of similarity among the 18 experiments in phase and shape. The results showed relatively high similarities among the experiments over mainland Asia compared to those over the Maritime Continent for both seasonal and inter‐annual variability. The extreme rainfall indices had a lower omega compared to that of temperature. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data at 52 meteorological stations over the SEA region were used to validate the simulated extreme indices. The results showed that extreme temperature indices were generally underestimated across the region. Systematic biases for each simulated rainfall index were also identified. A score ranking system was established to compare the relative performance of the 18 experiments over the 52 selected stations objectively. It was shown that the experiments with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)‐Emanuel scheme performed relatively better than the other convective schemes. The combination of the MIT‐Emanuel convective scheme with the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer scheme (BATS1e) ocean flux scheme produced the best performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Experiments and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance evaluation of RegCM4 in simulating extreme rainfall and temperature indices over the CORDEX‐Southeast Asia region

Ngo‐Duc

Tangang

Santisirisomboon

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Zeng2 also take into account the effect of viscosity in the roughness length calculation. A detailed description of the effectiveness of these 3 air−sea flux schemes in RegCM4 has been reported by Li et al (2015). Table 1 summarizes the configurations for the 18 simulation experiments considered in our study.…”

Section: Model and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Southeast Asia rainfall simulations to cumulus and air-sea flux parameterizations in RegCM4

Juneng¹,

Tangang²,

Chung³

et al. 2016

Clim. Res.

118

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We investigated the performance of RegCM4 in simulating rainfall over Southeast Asia with different combinations of deep-convection and air−sea flux parameterization schemes. Four different gridded rainfall datasets were used for the model assessment. In general, the simulations produced dry biases over the equatorial region and slightly wet biases over mainland Indo-China, except those experiments with the MIT Emanuel cumulus schemes, in which large positive rainfall biases were simulated. However, simulations with the MIT schemes were generally better at reproducing annual rainfall variations. The simulations were not sensitive to the treatment of air−sea fluxes. While the simulations generally produced the rainfall climatology well, all simulations showed stronger inter-annual variability compared to observations. Nevertheless, the time evolution of the inter-annual variations was well reproduced, particularly over the eastern Maritime Continent. Over mainland Southeast Asia, all simulations produced unrealistic rainfall anomaly responses to surface temperature. The lack of summer air−sea interactions in the model resulted in enhanced oceanic forcing over the regions, leading to positive rainfall anomalies during years with warm ocean temperature anomalies. This shortcoming in turn caused much stronger atmospheric forcing on the land surface processes compared to that of the observation. A robust score-ranking system was designed to rank the simulations according to their performance in reproducing different aspects of rainfall characteristics. The results suggest that the simulation with the MIT Emanuel convective scheme and the BATS1e air−sea flux scheme performs better overall compared to the rest of the simulations.

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“…The SS14 scheme does not consider the roughness sublayer effect and is valid for −5 ≤ Ri B ≤ 0, 10 ≤ z/z 0 ≤ 10 5 and 0 ≤ ln(z 0 /z 0h ) ≤ 29. As such, the SS14 scheme is not valid when z 0 becomes smaller than z 0h , which sometimes occurs over tall forests (e.g., Chen and Zhang 2009) and over oceans (e.g., Zeng et al 1998;Li et al 2015). …”

Section: Wrl12 Scheme and Ss14 Schemementioning

confidence: 98%

An Update of Non-iterative Solutions for Surface Fluxes Under Unstable Conditions

Gao

et al. 2015

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

Self Cite

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A new non-iterative approach has been developed to calculate surface fluxes. The range −5 ≤ Ri B < 0, 10 ≤ z/z 0 ≤ 10 5 and −0.5 ≤ ln(z 0 /z 0h ) ≤ 30 is divided into eight regions, and in each of the regions, multiple linear regression is performed to obtain non-iterative solutions for surface fluxes. As compared to the other two most recent noniterative schemes, we show that the suggested scheme has the smallest bias. The maximum relative errors of turbulent transfer coefficients for momentum (C M ) and sensible heat (C H ), as compared to those obtained from the classic iterative method, are always smaller than 2 % from our new non-iterative scheme.

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Evaluating the impacts of cumulus, land surface and ocean surface schemes on summertime rainfall simulations over East-to-southeast Asia and the western north Pacific by RegCM4

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Performance evaluation of RegCM4 in simulating extreme rainfall and temperature indices over the CORDEX‐Southeast Asia region

Performance evaluation of RegCM4 in simulating extreme rainfall and temperature indices over the CORDEX‐Southeast Asia region

Sensitivity of Southeast Asia rainfall simulations to cumulus and air-sea flux parameterizations in RegCM4

An Update of Non-iterative Solutions for Surface Fluxes Under Unstable Conditions

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