Evaluating the Issues and Challenges in Context of the Energy Crisis of Pakistan

Mufti, Gussan Maaz; Jamil, Mohsin; Nawaz, Muddasar; Rehman, Mobeen Ur; Hassan, Syed Zulqadar; Kamal, Tariq

doi:10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i36/102146

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…SOFC-based three-level neutral points clamped grid integrated inverter is developed in ref. [149]. The overall system is controlled through PI/sliding mode controllers.…”

Section: Dc-ac Inverter For Sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Nanotechnology to Power Electronics Devices

Arshad,

Yangkou Mbianda,

Ali

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) hold an important place in energy conversion and storage systems due to their fuel flexibility, high efficiency, and environmental sustainability. The scorching temperature (≥ 800 °C) to operate SOFCs results in shorter lifespan due to rapid deterioration of accompanying components. Nanomaterials have attained considerable attention in recent years due to their great technological importance in fuel cell technology. Nanoengineering of the architectures of known materials and adopting composite approach can effectively enhance the active sites for electrode reactions. The use of nanotechnology will make SOFCs environment‐friendly and sustainable through green manufacturing processes of nanotechnology. Overviews of the contributions of nanotechnology and power electronics technologies to SOFCs, the transition of SOFCs from macro to nanotechnology, the significance of nanomaterials in SOFCs, dynamic modeling, the function of optimization techniques, and the requirement for power electronics converters in SOFCs are all provided in this piece of work. The applications of SOFCs in different sectors, prominent institutes/labs and companies involved in SOFCs’ research, future challenges and perspectives were also highlighted.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…SOFC-based three-level neutral points clamped grid integrated inverter is developed in ref. [149]. The overall system is controlled through PI/sliding mode controllers.…”

Section: Dc-ac Inverter For Sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Nanotechnology to Power Electronics Devices

Arshad,

Yangkou Mbianda,

Ali

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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“…A study argues that this failure in Pakistan's energy policy is due to incorrect forecasting of future energy demand and supply [17]. Another study identified an inefficient measurement of energy consumption data as a root cause of the failed energy policies [18]. In the past, such inadequate energy measurements had contributed to the failure of energy policy and planning.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Regression Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation for Probabilistic Energy Policy Guidelines in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Forecasting energy demand and supply is the most crucial concern for energy policymakers. However, forecasting may introduce uncertainty in the energy model, and an energy policy based on an uncertain model could be misleading. Without certainty in energy data, investors cannot quantify risk and trade-offs, which are compulsory for investments in energy projects. In this work, the energy policies of Pakistan are taken as a case study, and flaws in its energy policymaking are identified. A novel probabilistic model integrated with curve fitting methods was proposed and was applied to 17 different energy demand and supply variables. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was performed to develop probabilistic energy profiles for each year from 2017 to 2050. Results show that the forecasted energy supply of Pakistan in the years 2025 and 2050 would be 70.69 MTOE and 131.65 MTOE, respectively. The probabilistic analysis showed that there is 14% and 6% uncertainty in achieving these targets. The research shows the expected energy consumption of 70.33 MTOE and 189.48 MTOE in 2025 and 2050, respectively, indicating uncertainties of 65% and 31%. Based on the results, eight energy policy guidelines and recommendations are provided for sustainable energy resource management. This study recommends developing a robust and sustainable energy policy for Pakistan with the help of transparent governance.

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“…According to United Nations estimates, global warming will reach 2°C above preindustrial levels, unless strict measures are taken to reduce GHG emissions 4,5 . Developing countries face energy scarcity as they are primarily dependent upon fossil fuels 6 . In developing countries like Pakistan, the total power generation in 2017 was approximately 23,718 MW and energy consumption has increased by 80% in the last 15 years, and this was expected to reach 40,000 MW by 2020 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Developing countries face energy scarcity as they are primarily dependent upon fossil fuels. 6 In developing countries like Pakistan, the total power generation in 2017 was approximately 23,718 MW and energy consumption has increased by 80% in the last 15 years, and this was expected to reach 40,000 MW by 2020. 7 However, the total power generation capacity of Pakistan in 2021 was 37261 MW, which has increased by 11.5% to 41,557 MW in 2022, but still a deficit of 9000 MW when the demand peaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic assessment of evacuated flat‐plate solar collector system for industrial process heat

Hassan

Mahmood

Ahmed

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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In the industrial sector, hot water applications constitute a significant share of final energy consumption. This creates a wide demand‐supply energy gap that must be bridged by integrating renewable sources with conventional fuels. This paper presents the performance analysis of a solar water heating system based on an evacuated flat‐plate collector (EFPC) with a surface area of 4 m2. A water–glycol mixture was used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) with mass flow rates of 0.03, 0.0336, and 0.0504 kg/s under a vacuum pressure of –0.8 bar created inside the collector. A detailed numerical model was developed in MATLAB for the proposed EFPC system, followed by experimental validation. A maximum root mean square error of 2.81 for the absorber temperature and a percentage error of 6.62 was observed for the thermal efficiency in model validation. This substantiates the model's capability to predict actual system performance with reasonable accuracy. The maximum thermal efficiency of the EFPC is 78% with a maximum fluid outlet temperature of 98°C in June and 69°C in January. The maximum useful energy extracted is 1300 W in January. Additionally, the effect of design parameters on system performance such as mass flow rates, collector areas, tube spacing, and different HTF mixtures is simulated. Lastly, an economic analysis of the EFPC was conducted for hot water demand in a textile industry. The results revealed a payback period of 7.4 years, which highlights the feasibility of this system.

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Evaluating the Issues and Challenges in Context of the Energy Crisis of Pakistan

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Advances and Perspectives on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Nanotechnology to Power Electronics Devices

Advances and Perspectives on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Nanotechnology to Power Electronics Devices

Integration of Regression Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation for Probabilistic Energy Policy Guidelines in Pakistan

Techno‐economic assessment of evacuated flat‐plate solar collector system for industrial process heat

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