Evaluating the mechanism of milk protein as an efficient lignin blocker for boosting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates

Huang, Caoxing; Lin, Wenqian; Zheng, Yayue; Zhao, Xiaoxue; Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Meng, Xianzhi

doi:10.1039/d2gc01160c

Cited by 81 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Owing to the complexity of lignin and cellulase structures, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive approach that can reveal the interaction between enzyme molecules and lignin or cellulose from different perspectives and levels. Based on the advanced analytical techniques mentioned above, as well as extensive literature research and experimental results from our research group, 13,30,32,35 we propose a comprehensive multidimensional nondestructive spectroscopic analysis technique. This technique aims to achieve in situ and real-time analysis of the interfacial interactions between lignin and cellulase by investigating adsorption-desorption processes (SPR), quantifying the magnitude of binding forces (AFM), and determining the contribution of major forces (FLS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome these limitations and gain further insight into the interaction mechanism of lignin-cellulase, FLS was used to investigate the binding ability of cellulase and conformation changes during their interaction. In our previous studies, Zhao et al 30 and Huang et al 35 introduced the commonly used analytical technique of fluorescence spectroscopy from the field of physical chemistry into the study of the mechanism of action of lignin-cellulase. This approach allows for the analysis of conformational changes in cellulases and provides insights into their binding capacity and thermodynamic properties in relation to lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elucidating the nonproductive adsorption mechanism of cellulase with lignin fractions from hydrothermally pretreated poplar using multi-dimensional spectroscopic technologies

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the nonproductive adsorption mechanism of cellulase with lignin fractions from hydrothermally pretreated poplar using multi-dimensional spectroscopic technologies

et al. 2023

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“…It is a building material rather than a reserve material like starch, and the combined presence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignins determines its high resistance to biodegradation. In order to increase the susceptibility of lignocellulosic biomass to enzymatic degradation, an additional stage is introduced to the process of the production of cellulosic bioethanol—it is referred to as pretreatment [ 2 , 3 ]. Its task is to increase the share of the amorphous areas in cellulose and a degradation of hemicellulose, as well as a removal of lignins [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure microwave-assisted pretreatment of softwood, hardwood and non-wood biomass using different solvents in the production of cellulosic ethanol

Mikulski

Kłosowski

2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Pretreatment is an indispensable stage of the preparation of lignocellulosic biomass with key significance for the effectiveness of hydrolysis and the efficiency of the production of cellulosic ethanol. A significant increase in the susceptibility of the raw material to further degradation can be attained as a result of effective delignification in high-pressure conditions. With this in mind, a method of high-pressure pretreatment using microwave radiation and various solvents (water, 40% w/v NaCS, 1% v/v H2SO4, 1% w/v NaOH or 60% v/v EtOH with an addition of 1% v/v H2SO4) was developed, enabling the acquisition of biomass with an increased susceptibility to the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. The medium obtained in this way can be used for the production of cellulosic ethanol via high-gravity technology (lignocellulosic media containing from 15 to 20% dry weight of biomass). For every type of biomass (pine chips, beech chips and wheat straw), a solvent was selected to be used during the pretreatment, guaranteeing the acquisition of a medium highly susceptible to the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. Results The highest efficiency of the hydrolysis of biomass, amounting to 71.14 ± 0.97% (glucose concentration 109.26 ± 3.49 g/L) was achieved for wheat straw subjected to microwave-assisted pretreatment using 40% w/v NaCS. Fermentation of this medium produced ethanol concentration at the level of 53.84 ± 1.25 g/L. A slightly lower effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis (62.21 ± 0.62%) was achieved after high-pressure microwave-assisted pretreatment of beech chips using 1% w/v NaOH. The hydrolysate contained glucose in the concentration of 91.78 ± 1.91 g/L, and the acquired concentration of ethanol after fermentation amounted to 49.07 ± 2.06 g/L. In the case of pine chips, the most effective delignification was achieved using 60% v/v EtOH with the addition of 1% v/v H2SO4, but after enzymatic hydrolysis, the concentration of glucose in hydrolysate was lower than in the other raw materials and amounted to 39.15 ± 1.62 g/L (the concentration of ethanol after fermentation was ca. 19.67 ± 0.98 g/L). The presence of xylose and galactose was also determined in the obtained fermentation media. The highest initial concentration of these carbohydrates (21.39 ± 1.44 g/L) was observed in beech chips media after microwave-assisted pretreatment using NaOH. The use of wheat straw after pretreatment using EtOH with an addition of 1% v/v H2SO4 for the preparation of fermentation medium, results in the generation of the initial concentration of galactose and xylose at the level of 19.03 ± 0.38 g/L. Conclusion The achieved results indicate a high effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomass subjected to high-pressure microwave-assisted pretreatment. The final effect depends on the combined use of correctly selected solvents for the different sources of lignocellulosic biomass. On the basis of the achieved results, we can say that the presented method indicates a very high potential in the area of its use for the production of cellulosic ethanol involving high-gravity technology.

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“…Another strategy consists in incorporating specific enzyme cocktails, mainly composed by glucanases, that impart a regioselective treatment over the cellulose chain, mostly onto the β-1,4 glucosidic bonds, but also in other regions due to the heterogeneity of commercial enzyme cocktails [ 20 , 21 ]. However, the presence of lignin may limit the accessibility of these enzymes to the cellulose chain due to steric effects, lowering the yield of the whole operation or, otherwise, requiring longer treatment times [ 22 , 23 ]. This lower accessibility of the enzymes in lignin-containing fibers was already observed by Espinosa et al and significantly lower yields of fibrillation were found for enzymatic treatments compared to mechanical treatments [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Date Palm Waste: Preparation, Characterization, and Reinforcing Potential

et al. 2022

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Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) have emerged as a new class of nanocelluloses where the presence of residual lignin is expected to impart additional attributes such as hydrophobicity or UV-absorption. In the present work, LCNFs with a lignin content between 7 and 15 wt% were prepared via a TEMPO-mediated oxidation as chemical pretreatment followed by high-pressure homogenization. The impact of the carboxyl content (CC) on the properties of the resulting LCNF gel, in terms of lignin content, colloidal properties, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability, were investigated. It was found that lignin content was significantly decreased at increasing CC. In addition, CC had a positive effect on colloidal stability and water contact angle, as well as resulting in smaller fibrils. This lower size, together with the lower lignin content, resulted in a slightly lower thermal stability. The reinforcing potential of the LCNFs when incorporated into a ductile polymer matrix was also explored by preparing nanocomposite films with different LCNF contents that were mechanically tested under linear and non-linear regimes by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. For comparison purposes, the reinforcing effect of the LCNFs with lignin-free CNFs was also reported based on literature data. It was found that lignin hinders the network-forming capacity of LCNFs, as literature data shows a higher reinforcing potential of lignin-free CNFs. Nonetheless, the tensile strength of the acrylic matrix was enhanced by 10-fold at 10 wt% of LCNF content.

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Evaluating the mechanism of milk protein as an efficient lignin blocker for boosting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates

Abstract: The residual lignin in pretreated biomass significantly hinders the bio-conversion of cellulose into monosaccharides. In this work, a low-cost non-enzymatic protein from defatted milk was proposed to block the lignin-enzyme...

Cited by 81 publications

References 75 publications

Elucidating the nonproductive adsorption mechanism of cellulase with lignin fractions from hydrothermally pretreated poplar using multi-dimensional spectroscopic technologies

Elucidating the nonproductive adsorption mechanism of cellulase with lignin fractions from hydrothermally pretreated poplar using multi-dimensional spectroscopic technologies

High-pressure microwave-assisted pretreatment of softwood, hardwood and non-wood biomass using different solvents in the production of cellulosic ethanol

Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Date Palm Waste: Preparation, Characterization, and Reinforcing Potential

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