Evaluating the Pitfalls of External Statebuilding in Post-2003 Iraq (2003–2021)

Mako, Shamiran; Edgar, Alistair D.

doi:10.1080/17502977.2021.1958292

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…On the one hand, approaches that seek to broker grand diplomatic bargains among major regional powers, such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Israel, overlook the limitations of the prevalent regional organizations to provide good offices that might reassure or enforce peace agreements. On the other hand, approaches that seek to "fix" failed states by enhancing capacities and improving responsiveness, such as in Iraq after 2003 (Mako & Edgar, 2021), run into even more complex and wicked problems. They are prone to futility and unintended consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of a Middle East and North Africa Peace System

Ahram

2024

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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This article examines the strengths and weaknesses of the peace system in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It views peace not merely as the absence of direct violence but as the result of institutions and systems that mitigate, defuse, and diminish conflict. The peace system of MENA operates at multiple scales and deals with multiple kinds of violent conflict. Different system components produce different forms of positive and negative peace through both formal and informal institutional channels. Consequently, peace in MENA is often uneven and unstable, with progress in one dimension coming at the expense of another. Understanding the gaps and inconsistencies within the MENA peace system can help devise a more realistic and feasible approach to conflict resolution rather than abstract and ultimately impractical ideals. The article identifies shortcomings in the current explanations for the frequency of war, explores the idea of a regional peace system that operates in regional and domestic arenas both formally and informally, and examines policy measures that might bolster or undercut the MENA peace system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of a Middle East and North Africa Peace System

Ahram

2024

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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“…Other recent work has provided a nuanced approach to the Ba′athist period, highlighting that state‐society relations were shaped by non‐linear and dynamic contestations between the state and other political, religious and intellectual elites (Davis, 2005; Helfont, 2018; Rohde, 2010). Additional research on state‐society relations in Iraq has focused on the political aftermath of the US‐led intervention of 2003, demonstrating the limits of exogenous state building that failed to engage local sites of power and resistance (Dodge, 2013; Mako & Edgar, 2021). This includes studies that document the ways in which local civil society actors and media outlets both shaped and were shaped by state policy after 2003 (Isakhan, 2012, 2021); the complex role that Iraqi women have played in resisting masculinist visions of the state and patriarchal norms (Al‐Ali & Pratt, 2009; Ali, 2018) and the role that key Shia clerics have played in agitating for political reform (Alshamary, 2021).…”

Section: Conceptualising State‐society Relations and Inter‐communal R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐society relations and inter‐communal dynamics in conflict: Non‐Muslim minorities in post‐IS Iraq

Isakhan

Gourlay

2022

Nations and Nationalism

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This article examines state-society relations and intercommunal dynamics in conflict, focusing on the case study of non-Muslim minorities in Iraq. It draws on interview data to analyse the lived experiences of Iraq's Yazidis and Christians before, during and after Islamic State (IS) rule. It finds that the attacks by the IS on Iraq's Yazidi and Christian communities not only caused considerable suffering but also led to a renewed crisis of faith in the Iraqi state and a further breakdown in relations with other groups, especially Sunni Arabs. However, Iraq's Yazidis and Christian have also demonstrated remarkable resilience in terms of returning to their ancient homelands and rebuilding their fractured communities. Together, these findings raise further questions about the legitimacy of the Iraqi state in the eyes of its non-Muslim minorities and the prospects of a peaceful multicultural future for Iraq.

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“…The Context of the Situation Extensive research and analysis has focused on Iraq's economic development following the events that took place in 2003, particularly the invasion of Iraq by the United States and the government change that followed (Mako & Edgar, 2021) [37] . Significant political, social, and economic developments happened in the country during this time, which had far-reaching repercussions on the country's growth and stability (Onyeaka et al, 2021) [42] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and Reconstruction: Unraveling the Economic Trajectory of Iraq Post-2003

Hussain Al-Hashimy,

Jinfang,

Hussein

et al. 2023

IJMRGE

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This study seeks to explain Iraq's economic trajectory after 2003, focusing on its potential to recover and reconstruct. The challenge is understanding how Iraq's political and historical conditions after the 2003 US invasion have affected its economy. The report examines post-conflict reconstruction in Iraq and its economy. This study examined economic figures, government legislation, and scholarly works. We analyse economic statistics and current trends in Iraq to assess its economic recovery. The analysis found that Iraq's economy has been erratic since 2003. Oil production, infrastructure construction, and foreign investment have survived the conflict. Rehabilitation efforts were crucial to economic recovery. The findings prompted several recommendations. To maintain effective economic management, ongoing investment in physical infrastructure, diversification away from oil, promoting a business-friendly climate, and fortifying existing institutions are needed. This analysis illuminates Iraq's economic trajectory after 2003, showcasing its resilience and recovery efforts. Policymakers and anyone interested in Iraq's economic development and stability may benefit from the results and recommendations.

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Evaluating the Pitfalls of External Statebuilding in Post-2003 Iraq (2003–2021)

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

In Search of a Middle East and North Africa Peace System

In Search of a Middle East and North Africa Peace System

State‐society relations and inter‐communal dynamics in conflict: Non‐Muslim minorities in post‐IS Iraq

Resilience and Reconstruction: Unraveling the Economic Trajectory of Iraq Post-2003

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