“…phonemic awareness) are the components of emergent literacy that are most predictive of children's later reading success (Lonigan, Schatschneider, & Westberg, ). It is now clear that early individual differences in emergent literacy can strongly predict both later reading achievement (Pinto, Bigozzi, Vezzani, & Tarchi, ; Scarborough, ; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, ; Wagner & Torgesen, ) and RD (Bigozzi, Tarchi, Pezzica, & Pinto, ; Elbro et al ., ; Pennington et al ., ; Pennington & Lefly, ; Snowling & Hulme, ).…”