Evaluating the Role of Postbiotics as a New Generation of Probiotics in Health and Diseases

Abstract

Background & objectives:There is a direct relationship between the presence of beneficial microbiota in the gut, development immune system functions and maintenance homeostasis. Hence, the consumption of foods or supplements with postbiotic components has been characterized as one of the most important strategies to modify the microbiome balance and improve the health status of the host. In this study, the concept of postbiotics and their clinical role in host health has been reviewed. Methods: All articles related to the study subject were searched in the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar database and studies that examined the effects of postbiotics on diseases were included. Results: According to available evidences, postbiotics do not need the viability in comparison with their parent cells and they exert health effects like live probiotic cells. Also, their preparation and application in various delivery system is affordable, which this highlights the importance of postbiotics from technological, clinical and economic aspects. These compounds have biological activities including immunomodulation, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferation, and they can play an important role in modulating the immune system's performance, improving therapies and reducing their possible side-effects in some cases of gastrointestinal disorders and chronic diseases. Conclusion:The postbiotics as a novel strategy can be used in a wide range of pharmaceutical products for the preventive therapy and improvement of the current therapeutic methods, as well as in food products to delay corruption, increase shelf life, and promote functional foods.

A comprehensive review of the application of probiotics and postbiotics in oral health

“…Considering some of the challenges and limitations that exist for using probiotics in food products, the use of metabolites or their non-living components (postbiotics) can be a new and appropriate solution ( Rad et al., 2021b ). Among the challenges that are related to the use of probiotics and can be solved by postbiotics is the creation of clinical problems, especially in people with a weakened immune system ( Sartor, 2016 ; Homayouni Rad et al., 2020b ), the probability of transmission of resistance genes to pathogenic microorganisms and the emergence of antibiotic resistance ( Mathur and Singh, 2005 ; Homayouni-Rad et al., 2020a ), and the need for high costs to provide an ongoing cold chain from production to consumption ( Sawada et al., 2016 ). Accordingly, in this review, while examining the effects of different strains of probiotics on oral and dental health, we will also look at the impact of postbiotics.…”

Postbiotics: an innovative approach to increase shelf life and quality of foods

“…In addition, it is worth mentioning that postbiotics can be used as a barrier to food preservation. Additional complementary analyses are greatly needed to ensure the general safety of postbiotics for food application (Homayouni-Rad et al , 2020).…”

A systematic review to introduce the most effective postbiotics derived from probiotics for aflatoxin detoxification in vitro

“…Probiotics are mostly lactic acid bacteria (Walhe et al, 2022) and have many health benefits; however, because they are alive, they have limitations for use and treatment. Probiotic bacteria must maintain their viability even in inappropriate conditions, such as preparation of food, storage, processing, distribution as well as passing through the digestive system, so that they can perform their health-giving effects (Homayouni-Rad et al, 2020;Rad et al, 2020a). In spite of passing these challenges and survival, adverse reactions may occur, such as resistance gene transfer between other intestinal microbiota, different colonization patterns, presence of virulence factors in some probiotic species, preventing the colonization of other intestinal microbiota, meningitis, infectious endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia, especially in infants, patients treated with antibiotics and have weak immunity (Abbasi et al, 2021a(Abbasi et al, , 2021bAbriouel et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2018;Liong 2008).…”