“…The most interesting aspect of this approach is the possibility to estimate this probability without the use of crash data, which are instead used only for model validation. In the last few years, extreme value theory (EVT) has been applied in various road safety works (Alozi and Hussein, 2022;Arun et al, 2022;Cavadas et al, 2020;Farah and Azevedo, 2017;Fu et al, 2021Fu et al, , 2020Orsini et al, 2020Orsini et al, , 2019Wang et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2018aZheng et al, , 2014, with more or less complex and sophisticated procedures. It has also been applied in the specific case of before-after road safety analyses (Zheng et al, 2018b;, which, however, did not focus on vulnerable road users.…”