Evaluating the susceptibility of landslide landforms in Japan using slope stability analysis: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Chen, Chi-Wen; Chen, Hongey; Wei, Ling-Ying; Lin, Gong−Ru; Iida, Takehiko; Yamada, Ryūji

doi:10.1007/s10346-017-0872-1

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For instance, 77% of the total landslides triggered by the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake were <4000 m 2 (Khazai and Sitar, ); 50% of landslides in the 1984 west Nagano earthquake were <1000 m 2 (Kawabe, ); and 79% of landslides caused by the Kashmir earthquake were <5000 m 2 (Sato et al, ). Our findings are also consistent with other landslide inventories conducted after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Chen et al, ; Xu et al, ), which reported that most landslides were small to medium in size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Brardinoni et al () showed that only landslides larger than 650 m 2 were clearly detectable under thick forest canopies in British Columbia based on 1:12 000 to 1:15 000 scale aerial images. Chen et al () also confirmed that the breakpoint of the size–frequency distribution of landslides occurred at <1000 m 2 related to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Characteristics of landslides in forests and grasslands triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Koyanagi

Gomi

Sidle

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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We examined the characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw = 7.0: focal depth=10.0 km) in forests and grasslands within two affected watersheds (Tokosegawa: 6.9 km2 and Nigorigawa: 6.1 km2) in southwestern Japan. We identified 190 landslides using aerial photographs and analyzed their sizes by geographic information system (GIS). Field investigations were conducted to obtain landslide depth, volume and residual sediment for 38 selected landslides (21 in forests and 17 in grasslands). The minimum area of detected landslides in grasslands (400 m2) was smaller than in forests (1000 m2), probably because of reduced detectability of landslides under tree cover. The ratio of total area occupied by landslides for a given range of slope gradient in the watersheds increased from 3.2% on gentle grassland slopes (10–15°) to 15.5% on steep (>45°) slopes, whereas the maximum landslide‐area ratio in forest sites (7.4%) occurred on relatively gentle slopes (25–30°). Estimated landslide volume ranged from 27 to 9622 m3, based on mean depth of each landslide measured around individual landslide scars. Moreover, the volumetric ratio of landslide deposit volume to total landslide volume exceeded 100% for 48% of the landslides within forests and 35% of the landslides within grasslands. Our findings show that land cover had extensive and recognizable effects on the characteristics of landslides and resulting in‐channel sediment accumulations. Resetting sediment dynamics after earthquakes associated with different land cover distributions needs to be considered within watersheds. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Characteristics of landslides in forests and grasslands triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Koyanagi

Gomi

Sidle

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…When relating coseismic landsliding to the seismic rupture, only the failure plane of the landslide matters, because this is the hillslope portion that failed under seismic acceleration. For instance, Chen et al (2017) found that landslide susceptibility and safety factor calculation depends on whether the entire landslide or only parts-scarp area or area of dislocated massare considered. It is intractable to reconstruct each individual landslide failure plane from the mapped data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with the average factor of safety F S. Chen et al (2017) characterized unstable hillslopes by a safety factor of F S < 1.5.…”

Section: Coseismic Landslide Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: The 2016 MW 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

Specht¹,

Öztürk²,

Veh³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations in the seismic wavefield surrounding the fault during an earthquake. This directivity effect results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction. Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (MW 7.1) in central Kyūshū (Japan). Although the distribution of some 1,500 earthquake-triggered landslides as function of rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the landslides are more concentrated to the northeast of the southwest-northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, median amplification factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic wetness. None of these factors can sufficiently explain the landslide distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide headscarps coincide with elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based ground motion model that accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and demonstrate that the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern consistent with the overall landslide distribution. The spatial landslide distribution is primarily influenced by the rupture directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude variations between the fault-normal and fault-parallel motion at frequencies

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“…Acceleration of seismic waves alters the force balance in hillslopes and temporarily exceeds shear strength (Newmark, 1965;Dang et al, 2016). Greatly increased landslide rates have been reported on hillslopes close to earthquake rupture, mostly tied to ground acceleration (Gorum et al, 2011) and lithology (Chigira and Yagi, 2006). Substantial geomorphological and seismological data sets are required to assess the response of landslides to ground motion, and a growing number of studies have shed light on the underlying links (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations in the seismic wave field surrounding the fault. This directivity effect results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction. Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.1) in central Kyushu (Japan). Although the distribution of some 1500 earthquake-triggered landslides as a function of rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the landslides were more concentrated to the northeast of the southwest–northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, the median amplification factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic wetness. None of these factors sufficiently explains the landslide distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide head scarps have an elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based ground-motion model (GMM) that accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and we demonstrate that the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern is consistent with the overall landslide distribution. Its spatial pattern is influenced by the rupture directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude variations between the fault-normal and fault-parallel motion at frequencies <2 Hz. This azimuth dependence implies that comparable landslide concentrations can occur at different distances from the rupture. This quantitative link between the prevalent landslide aspect and the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern can improve coseismic landslide hazard assessment.

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Evaluating the susceptibility of landslide landforms in Japan using slope stability analysis: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristics of landslides in forests and grasslands triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Characteristics of landslides in forests and grasslands triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: The 2016 <i>M<sub>W</sub></i> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

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Evaluating the susceptibility of landslide landforms in Japan using slope stability analysis: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristics of landslides in forests and grasslands triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Characteristics of landslides in forests and grasslands triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: The 2016 &lt;i&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;W&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

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Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: The 2016 <i>M<sub>W</sub></i> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake