Evaluating the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal potential of improved forest management and accelerated forest conversion in Norway

Bright, Ryan M.; Allen, Micky; Antón‐Fernández, Clara; Belbo, Helmer; Dalsgaard, Lise; Eisner, Stephanie; Granhus, Aksel; Kjønaas, O. Janne; Søgaard, Gunnhild; Astrup, Rasmus

doi:10.1111/gcb.15228

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…To calculate living and dead tree biomass, we used single tree biometric functions with dbh and H as predictor variables for aboveground birch (Smith et al 2014) and Norway spruce (Marklund 1988), and dbh for belowground birch (Smith et al 2016) and Norway spruce (Petersson and Ståhl 2006). To estimate C stocks in living and dead biomass, a C fraction of dry matter equal to 0.5 was applied (Mäkinen et al 2006, Bright et al 2020. The estimated C stocks in dead wood were adjusted for the proportion of remaining dry biomass for the five decay stages (Naesset 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boreal tree species change as a climate mitigation strategy: impact on ecosystem C and N stocks and soil nutrient levels

et al. 2021

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To increase the annual uptake of CO 2 as well as the long-term storage of carbon (C) in forests, the Norwegian government consider large-scale replacements of native, deciduous forests with fastergrowing species like Norway spruce. To assess the effects of tree species change on ecosystem C and nitrogen (N) stocks and soil chemistry, we used a paired plot approach including stands of native downy birch and planted 45-to 60-yr-old Norway spruce. The birch stands were used as reference for the assessment of differences following the tree species change. We found significantly higher C and N stocks in living tree biomass in the spruce stands, whereas no significant differences were found for dead wood. The cover of understory species groups, and the C and N stocks of the aboveground understory vegetation were significantly higher in the birch stands. The tree species change did not affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock down to 1 m soil depth; however, the significantly higher stock in the forest floor of the spruce stands suggested a re-distribution of SOC within the profile. There was a significant positive correlation between the SOC stock down to 30 cm soil depth and the total ecosystem C stock for the birch stands, and a negative correlation for the spruce stands. Significant effects of tree species change were found for C and N concentrations, C/N, exchangeable acidity, base saturation, and exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, Na, S, and Fe in the organic horizon or the upper mineral soil layer. The total ecosystem C stock ranged between 197 and 277 Mg/ha for the birch stands, and 297 and 387 Mg/ha for the spruce stands. The ecosystem C accumulation varied between 32 and 142 Mg/ha over the past 45-60 yr, whereas the net ecosystem C capture was considerably lower and potentially negative. Our results suggest that the potential to meet the governments' targets to increase C sequestration depend on the C debt incurred from the removed birch stands, the rotation length, and potentially also the susceptibility of the different stand types to future risk factors related to climate change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boreal tree species change as a climate mitigation strategy: impact on ecosystem C and N stocks and soil nutrient levels

et al. 2021

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“…Differences in surface property and flux perturbations between geoengineering-type forcings involving non-vegetative solar radiation management (SRM) and forcings from LULCC, land management change (LMC), or forest management change (FMC). is highly heterogeneous in space, the magnitude and extent of which depends on its location (Brovkin et al, 2013;de Noblet-Ducoudré et al, 2012). This is because the response pattern of climate feedbacks has a strong spatial dependency -feedbacks are generally larger at higher latitudes due to higher energy budget sensitivity to clouds, water vapor, and surface albedo, which generally increases the effectiveness of RF in those regions (Shindell et al, 2015).…”

Section: Spatial Disparity In Climate Response Between Co 2 Emissions and α Perturbationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: a critical review

Bright

Lund

2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Management of Earth's surface albedo is increasingly viewed as an important climate change mitigation strategy both on (Seneviratne et al., 2018) and off (Field et al., 2018; Kravitz et al., 2018) the land. Assessing the impact of a surface albedo change involves employing a measure like radiative forcing (RF) which can be challenging to digest for decision-makers who deal in the currency of CO2-equivalent emissions. As a result, many researchers express albedo change (Δα) RFs in terms of their CO2-equivalent effects, despite the lack of a standard method for doing so, such as there is for emissions of well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs; e.g., IPCC AR5, Myhre et al., 2013). A major challenge for converting Δα RFs into their CO2-equivalent effects in a manner consistent with current IPCC emission metric approaches stems from the lack of a universal time dependency following the perturbation (perturbation “lifetime”). Here, we review existing methodologies based on the RF concept with the goal of highlighting the context(s) in which the resulting CO2-equivalent metrics may or may not have merit. To our knowledge this is the first review dedicated entirely to the topic since the first CO2-eq. metric for Δα surfaced 20 years ago. We find that, although there are some methods that sufficiently address the time-dependency issue, none address or sufficiently account for the spatial disparity between the climate response to CO2 emissions and Δα – a major critique of Δα metrics based on the RF concept (Jones et al., 2013). We conclude that considerable research efforts are needed to build consensus surrounding the RF “efficacy” of various surface forcing types associated with Δα (e.g., crop change, forest harvest), and the degree to which these are sensitive to the spatial pattern, extent, and magnitude of the underlying surface forcings.

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“…pulses (Carrer et al, 2018), or the summing of TDEE up to TH to obtain a CO2-eq. stock perturbation measure (Bright et al, 2020;Bright et al, 2016).…”

Section: Metric Permutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, if the objective is to weigh the effect of a scenario against cumulative CO2 emissions in the futureas would be required to evaluate the mitigation potential of land use policies in the context of emission budgets or policy targets based on cumulative emissions (e.g. Bright et al (2020))the ΣTDEE is the more suitable measure.…”

Section: Qualitative Metric Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: A critical review

Bright¹,

Lund²

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Management of Earth's surface albedo is increasingly viewed as an important climate change mitigation strategy both on (Seneviratne et al., 2018) and off (Field et al., 2018; Kravitz et al., 2018) the land. Assessing the impact of a surface albedo change involves employing a measure like radiative forcing (RF) which can be challenging to digest for decision-makers who deal in the currency of CO2-equivalent emissions. As a result, many researchers express albedo change (Δα) RFs in terms of their CO2-equivalent effects, despite the lack of a standard method for doing so, such as there is for emissions of well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs; e.g., IPCC AR5, Myhre et al. (2013)). A major challenge for converting Δα RFs into their CO2-equivalant effects in a manner consistent with current IPCC emission metric approaches stems from the lack of a universal time-dependency following the perturbation (perturbation lifetime). Here, we review existing methodologies based on the RF concept with the goal of highlighting the context(s) in which the resulting CO2-equivalent metrics may or may not have merit. To our knowledge this is the first review dedicated entirely to the topic since the first CO2-eq. metric for Δα surfaced 20 years ago. We find that, although there are some methods that sufficiently address the time-dependency issue, none address or sufficiently account for the spatial disparity between the climate response to CO2 emissions and Δα – a major critique of Δα metrics based on the RF concept (Jones et al., 2013). We conclude that considerable research efforts are needed to build consensus surrounding the RF efficacy of various surface forcing types associated with Δα (e.g., crop change, forest harvest, etc.), and the degree to which these are sensitive to the spatial pattern, extent, and magnitude of the underlying surface forcings.

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Evaluating the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal potential of improved forest management and accelerated forest conversion in Norway

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 13 publications

References 92 publications

Boreal tree species change as a climate mitigation strategy: impact on ecosystem C and N stocks and soil nutrient levels

Boreal tree species change as a climate mitigation strategy: impact on ecosystem C and N stocks and soil nutrient levels

CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: a critical review

CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: A critical review

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Evaluating the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal potential of improved forest management and accelerated forest conversion in Norway

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 13 publications

References 92 publications

Boreal tree species change as a climate mitigation strategy: impact on ecosystem C and N stocks and soil nutrient levels

Boreal tree species change as a climate mitigation strategy: impact on ecosystem C and N stocks and soil nutrient levels

CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: a critical review

CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: A critical review

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CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: a critical review

CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalence metrics for surface albedo change based on the radiative forcing concept: A critical review