Evaluating the Trend in Managing Human-Wildlife Conflicts in and around Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Abstract

Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) makes wildlife conservation more difficult and threatens the endangered species and human livelihood in adjacent protected areas. While the cases of existing conflicts are often evaluated, their trend vis-à-vis the mitigation measures such as an electric fence has been frequently overlooked. This study aimed at evaluating the trend of human-wildlife conflicts in and around Akagera National Park (ANP) by comparing the situations before and after its electric fencing. This study used both secondary and primary data. Secondary data used exiting literature while primary data has been obtained by using field observation, household questionnaire survey, and Key Informant Interview with park managers and local leaders.The findings revealed that both illegal activities from local population and damages from wild animals have significantly reduced if we compare the situations before and after the establishment of an electric fence around ANP in 2013. In fact, between 2011 and 2020, illegal activities in the park have reduced to 70 %, 80 %, 85 %, and 80 % for captured cows, caught poachers, found traps, and killed animals respectively. However, this electric fence has not yet eradicated all forms of human-wildlife conflicts to the extent of zero case. In this regard, a set of sustainable community-based conservation strategies such as revenue sharing scheme, insurance scheme, compensation measures, etc., is highly encouraged.

A re-conceptualisation of the Batwa's right to recognition as a minority and indigenous people in Rwanda: A human rights-based approach

“…This is because they were and are still objects of structural injustice resulting from the colonial conservation paradigm, whose actions include eviction from forests and ancestral land following the creation of protected areas, stereotyping and discriminating [ 23 ]. According to Banamwana [ 24 ], Domínguez [ 25 ] and Ndabarushimana [ 26 ], most populations categorised as indigenous peoples in Africa, including the Batwa of Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and DRC, and the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania, were systematically evicted from their ancestral land. Anfaara and others argue that indigenous peoples were subjugated twice [ 27 ].…”