Evaluating the Use of Exhalent Siphon Area in Estimating Feeding Activity of Blue Mussels,<i>Mytilus edulis</i>.

MacDonald, Bruce A.; Robinson, Shawn; Barrington, Kelly A.

doi:10.2983/035.028.0210

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The flow rate shown in the lower mantle cavity was similar to that reported by Jørgensen (Jørgensen, 1981) and Famme and Kofoed (Famme and Kofoed, 1983) in M. edulis. The flow velocity in the exhalant siphon has been reported to be in the range of 80-30 mm s −1 for Mytilus (Maire et al, 2007;MacDonald et al, 2009;Riisgård et al, 2011). Therefore, the flow velocities observed in the other cavities in the present study might be reliable as values for an intact non-stimulated Mytilus.…”

Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Intensive studies have been conducted to measure the filtration rate, using either particle clearance or direct measurements of inhalant and exhalant flows (Bayne, 1976;Kiøboe et al, 1980;Riisgård, 2001). The exhalant jet velocity of mussels has been reported in a range of 80-30 mm s −1 for Mytilus (Maire et al, 2007;MacDonald et al, 2009;Riisgård et al, 2011). The introduction of video endoscopy (Ward et al, 1991) has made it possible to conduct in vivo observation of the gills inside the shell, and also to estimate the water flow from movement of microspheres in the seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of water flow in the mantle cavity of live Mytilus galloprovincialis

Seo

Ohishi

Maruyama

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Water flow inside the shell of Mytilus galloprovincialis was measured by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In seawater without algal cells at 23°C, water approached the mussel from the posterior-ventral side, and entered through the inhalant aperture at a velocity of 40-20 mm s −1 . The flow rate in the lower mantle cavity decreased to 10-20 mm s −1 , the water flowed in the anterior-dorsal direction and approached the demibranches at a velocity of 5-10 mm s −1 . After passing through the lamellae to the upper mantle cavity, the water stretched the interlamellar cavity, turned to the posterior-dorsal direction and accumulated in the epibranchial cavity. The water flows came together at the ventral side of the posterior adductor muscle. The velocity increased more to than 50 mm s −1 in the exhalant siphon, and exhaled out in the posterior-dorsal direction. The anterior-posterior direction of the flow was imaged every 1.92 s by the inflow effect of T 1 -weighted MRI. The flow seemed to be constant, and no cyclic motion of the mantles or the gills was detected. Spontaneous closure of the shells caused a quick drop of the flow in the mantle cavity. In the opening process of the shells, water flow in the interlamellar cavities increased before the opening, followed by an increase of flows in the exhalant siphon and inhalant aperture with minimum delay, reaching a plateau within 1 min of the shells opening. This provides direct evidence that the lateral cilia drive water in the mussel M. galloprovincialis.

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Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of water flow in the mantle cavity of live Mytilus galloprovincialis

Seo

Ohishi

Maruyama

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Under optimal conditions, suspensionfeeding bivalves filter the ambient water at a maximum rate, but under suboptimal environmental conditions, including low or very high concentrations of algal cells, the valve gape is reduced, and the mantle edges retracted [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, it has for a long time been a matter of discussion whether the filtration rate in suspension-feeding bivalves is physiologically regulated [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], or if it should be conceived as a basically autonomous process [2,5,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Physiological Regulation Of Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Behaviour of the Mussel,Mytilus edulis: New Observations, with a Minireview of Current Knowledge

Riisgård

Egede

Saavedra

2011

Journal of Marine Biology

134

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Under optimal conditions, bivalves tend to filter the ambient water at a maximum rate but under suboptimal environmental conditions, including low or very high algal concentrations, the filtration rate is reduced. The upper algal concentration at which the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, exploits its filtration capacity over an extended period of time was identified by stepwise raising the algal (Rhodomonas salina) concentration in steady-state experiments above the threshold for continuous high filtration rate. The duration time before incipient saturation reduction decreased with increasing algal concentration, and the threshold concentration for incipient saturation reduction of filtration activity was found to be between about 5,000 and 8,000 cells mL −1 , equivalent to 6.3 and 10.0 µg chl a L −1 , respectively. Reduced filtration rate was related to total number of algal cells ingested previous to incipient saturation and found to be 11.4 ± 1.7 × 10 6 cells. Video-microscope recordings of pseudofaeces production revealed that the trigger threshold concentration for formation of pseudofaeces was about 12,000 cells mL −1 . Faeces produced by saturated mussels consisted of closely packed undigested algal cells, indicating severe overloading of the digestive system caused by high algal concentrations which mussels are not evolutionary adapted to cope with.

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“…Frank et al (2008) re ported average velocities of 4.32 ± 0.39 cm s −1 (mean ± SD) and a maximum velocity of 12.31 cm s −1 in one type of ex per i ments ('animal-generated flow velocities'), whereas the average maximum excurrent velocities were found to range from 1.7 to 3.8 cm s −1 in another type of experiments ('mussel feeding study'). The filtration rate (or clearance rate) as a function of the exhalant siphon area has been measured for a 60 mm shell length M. edulis by MacDonald et al (2009, their …”

Section: Exhalant Jet Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, there is considerable variation be tween published values of the exhalant jet velocity of mussels (Jørgensen et al 1986, André et al 1993, Newell et al 2001, Stamhuis 2006, Maire et al 2007, Frank et al 2008, MacDonald et al 2009, Troost et al 2009), and little is known about the detailed fluid mechanics of flow near a mussel that is generated by the flow through the exhalant siphon appearing as a well structured jet (André et al 1993, Green et al 2003. This flow in conjunction with a possible imposed external flow from currents or other mussels will influence the grazing impact and thus the concentration distribution of food particles reaching the inhalant aperture; hence affecting the feeding conditions of the mussel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exhalant jet of mussels Mytilus edulis

Riisgård¹,

Jørgensen²,

Lundgreen³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The exhalant jet flow of mussels in conjunction with currents and/or other mussels may strongly influence the mussels' grazing impact. Literature values of mussel exhalant jet velocity vary considerably and the detailed fluid mechanics of the near-mussel flow generated by the exhalant jet has hitherto been uncertain. Computational modelling of this phenomenon depends on knowledge of the velocity distribution near the exhalant siphon aperture of mussels to provide appropriate boundary conditions for numerical flow models. To be useful such information should be available for a range of mussel shell lengths. Here, we present results of a detailed study of fully open mussels Mytilus edulis in terms of filtration rate, exhalant siphon aperture area, jet velocity, gill area and body dry weight, all as a function of shell length (mean ± SD) over the range 16.0 ± 0.4 to 82.6 ± 2.9 mm, with the corresponding scaling laws also presented. The exhalant jet velocity was determined by 3 methods: (1) measured clearance rate divided by exhalant aperture area, (2) manual particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) using video-microscope recordings, and (3) particle image velocimetry (PIV). The latter provides detailed 2-component velocity distributions near the exhalant siphon in 5 planes parallel to the axis of the jet and the major axis of the oval aperture, and hence estimates of momentum and kinetic energy flows in addition to mean velocity. Data obtained on particles inside the exhalant jet of filtered water was verified by the use of titanium dioxide seeding particles which were de-agglomerated by ultrasound to a size range of 0.7 to 2 µm prior to addition, to avoid retention by the gill filter of the mussels. We found that exhalant jet velocity was essentially constant at ~8 cm s −1 , and independent of shell length. Based on geometric similarity and scaling of mussel pump-system characteristics we found that these characteristics coincide approximately for all sizes when expressed as pressure head versus volume flow divided by shell length squared. KEY WORDS: Filtration rate · Exhalant siphon area · Particle image velocimetry · Particle tracking velocimetry · Exhalant jet velocity · Velocity field · Allometric equation · Scaling law Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 437: [147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164] 2011 will influence the grazing impact and thus the concentration distribution of food particles reaching the inhalant aperture; hence affecting the feeding conditions of the mussel. Of particular interest is the undesirable phenomenon of re-filtration where part of the once filtered and exhaled water reaches the inhalant aperture of either the same or other mussels. This has been studied to some extent for mussel beds where a number of attempts have been made to model phytoplankton concentration gradients caused by dense beds of filter-feeding bivalves in relatively strong currents with a high ...

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Evaluating the Use of Exhalent Siphon Area in Estimating Feeding Activity of Blue Mussels,Mytilus edulis.

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of water flow in the mantle cavity of live Mytilus galloprovincialis

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of water flow in the mantle cavity of live Mytilus galloprovincialis

Feeding Behaviour of the Mussel,Mytilus edulis: New Observations, with a Minireview of Current Knowledge

The exhalant jet of mussels Mytilus edulis

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