Evaluating the use of standoff LIBS in architectural heritage: surveying the Cathedral of Málaga

Gaona, I.; Lucena, P.; Moros, Javier; Fortes, F.J.; Guirado, Salvador; Serrano, J.; Laserna, J.J.

doi:10.1039/c3ja50069a

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In recent years, studying on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been increased due to its expanding applications in geological material [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], cultural heritage [9][10][11][12][13], works of art [14][15][16][17][18], environmental monitoring intermediate mentioned parameters. Farid et al [58] have studied the influences of ambient gases of air, argon and helium at different pressures on laser-induced copper plasma and its surface morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Rezaei

Tavassoli

2015

Appl. Phys. B

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radioactive, high temperature, toxic materials) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], industry [26][27][28][29][30][31], architecture, medical (noninvasive study of human teeth and hair, diagnosis of cancer tissue, DNA analysis) [32][33][34][35][36][37], military and civil security (detection of explosive material and biological weapons) [38][39][40][41][42][43]. Most of these applications are investigated under the condition of earth's atmosphere (i.e., at 760 Torr in air atmosphere) in order to determine the selected material compositions. Nevertheless, interest in LIBS in other ambient gases with various circumstances has been grown because of its practical application. It should be mentioned that nowadays wide applications of gas effects in space exploration (such as utilizing LIBS for investigating specific conditions on Venus and Mars) [4,44,45] are studied. For instance, in scope of gas pressure, the high-pressure environment serves to replicate the conditions of a nuclear reactor or simulate some planet environments [46]. At the opposite, reduced gas pressures or vacuum is applied for determination of isotope ratios [47][48][49], synthesis of nanoparticles and thin films.Different research groups [50][51][52][53][54][55] have investigated the quantitative analysis of plasma parameters and spectral line properties in LIBS technique by considering the influences of gas conditions. For instance, Effenberger et al. [56] have properly presented a review of applications of different gas effects in LIBS experiment. They have comprehensively mentioned the results of various groups about the effects of atmosphere compositions and gas pressures (higher and lower than 760 Torr) on plasma parameters and spectral line characteristics. Dawood et al. [57] have investigated the effects of gas nature and its pressure on temporal distribution of aluminum plasma. They have explained that both plasma temperature and electron density grow with ambient gas pressure. In addition, they have shown that argon provides the highest temperature and plasma density, helium provides the lowest one, and nitrogen produces Abstract In this paper, the influences of He ambient gas on aluminum emissions are investigated by experimental analysis of LIBS spectrum. Plasma is produced by focusing of a Nd:YAG laser pulse at a wavelength of 1064 nm on Al standard samples. In this work, the effects of helium atmosphere at different pressures on the amount of spectral self-absorption are studied. The results are discussed by utilizing two approaches: the curve of growth and calibration curve. It is seen that by increasing the gas pressure, the self-absorption enhances. Also, a new method of applying one standard sample instead of other traditional techniques is introduced for concentration prediction. The presented method would be helpful for the situation in which supplying standard samples is not very easy. Then, the accuracy of this new method can be checked by comparison of concentration prediction of the standard samples with their real concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Rezaei

Tavassoli

2015

Appl. Phys. B

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“…Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid analytical technique for qualitative and semi-quantitative characterization of the target samples [191][192][193]. The theory is that when a high energy laser pulse excites the surface of a target sample, a small amount of the sample (ng to μg, invisible to the naked eye) will be ablated, and then the luminous laser-induced plasma (LIP) about a few microseconds is generated.…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past two decades, studies in several research groups had proved that LIBS is a reliable method for solving problems related to characterization of architectural heritage materials. LIBS was adopted to analyze the constituents in pigments of mural painting [105,191,194], stones [192,195], bricks [11,196] and roof sheets [197]. For example, Brysbaert et al [198] used LIBS technique to determine the elemental contents in pigments of a wall painting at Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age.…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

et al. 2019

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Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic building materials is indispensable for investigating chemical composition, micro-structure and morphological features to study the current condition, environmental influence and change mechanism due to natural aging or man-made decay processes. Given the great variety of chemicals which can be analyzed, complex problems related to architectural heritage materials are investigated via optimized methodologies. Among the existing techniques, optical microscopy (OM) is an inexpensive and dominating tool to obtain preliminary information on complex samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide real three-dimensional topographies showing sample surface properties. Electron microscopes combined with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EM-EDX) are the instruments specifically developed to acquire images of target materials at high magnification. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are frequently used to characterize inorganic and organic compounds. Thermal analysis can rapidly and accurately measure changes in crystalline structure, dehydration and decomposition. X-ray based technologies have a wide range of applications as follows. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is one of the most frequently used techniques for elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a fast and inexpensive technique for the characterization of man-made and natural materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is applied to quantify the valence and electronic levels of specific elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for detecting the electronic structure of matter. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is also of great importance in architectural heritage, which can reveal different physicochemical mechanisms causing color. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can effectively eliminate the pollution on the surface and detect the internal elements of the target material. Ion beam analysis can quantify trace elements with high sensitivity. Mass-based techniques are mainly applied to identify unknown organic substances at the molecular level. This review describes some classical applications of individual techniques and provides scientific support for scientists and engineers to make decisions in the context of architectural heritage.

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“…The in-situ LIBS analysis of historical building material was presented by Laserna et al [19], dealing with analysis of the Málaga cathedral walls with a man-portable LIBS and later in [20] with a stand-off LIBS. Remote sensing is a great advantage in this point, sometimes it might be even necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on fast classification of brick samples by combination of principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis using stand-off and table-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Vítková

Prokeš

Novotný

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Evaluating the use of standoff LIBS in architectural heritage: surveying the Cathedral of Málaga

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

Comparative study on fast classification of brick samples by combination of principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis using stand-off and table-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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