Evaluating VR Driving Simulation from a Player Experience Perspective

Walch, Marcel; Frommel, Julian; Rogers, Katja; Schüssel, Felix; Hock, Philipp; Dobbelstein, David; Weber, Michael

doi:10.1145/3027063.3053202

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, what emerges from this study shows that not only virtual content specifically created for emotional induction but also commercial content such as virtual reality video games can be effective in inducing positive emotions and decreasing negative emotions and anxiety in individuals. Such a result appears in line with what has been reported recently, with a few exceptions [24], about the ability of virtual reality video games to elicit positive emotions such as joy in the players and to do so with a more intense effect than that of desktop video games [2,6,21]. Besides, according to the results of this study, virtual reality video games are able to not only elicit positive emotions but also decrease negative emotions (ie, sadness and fear) and state anxiety in the players.…”

Section: Potential For Virtual Reality Gaming To Elicit Positive Emotsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In fact, previous studies have suggested that virtual reality video games induce more emotion than do games with less-immersive technologies, such as those on a desktop display device (eg, [2,6,[21][22][23]). With few exceptions [24,25], a higher intensity of emotional response has been observed in virtual reality games compared to desktop games, at both a psychological and a physiological level [2,6,[21][22][23]. For example, players reported a more intense emotional experience while playing the first-person shooter (FPS) game Half-Life 2 (Valve Corporation) in an immersive modality through an HMD compared to playing the same game on a monitor [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Virtual Reality Games and the Role of Body Involvement in Enhancing Positive Emotions and Decreasing Anxiety: Within-Subjects Pilot Study

Pallavicini¹,

Pepe²

2020

JMIR Serious Games

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In the last few years, the introduction of immersive technologies, especially virtual reality, into the gaming market has dramatically altered the traditional concept of video games. Given the unique features of virtual reality in terms of interaction and its ability to completely immerse the individual into the game, this technology should increase the propensity for video games to effectively elicit positive emotions and decrease negative emotions and anxiety in the players. However, to date, few studies have investigated the ability of virtual reality games to induce positive emotions, and the possible effect of this new type of video game in diminishing negative emotions and anxiety has not yet been tested. Furthermore, given the critical role of body movement in individuals' well-being and in emotional responses to video games, it seems critical to investigate how body involvement can be exploited to modulate the psychological benefits of virtual reality games in terms of enhancing players' positive emotions and decreasing negative emotions and anxiety. Objective: This within-subjects study aimed to explore the ability of commercial virtual reality games to induce positive emotions and diminish negative emotions and state anxiety of the players, investigating the effects of the level of body involvement requested by the game (ie, high vs low). Methods: A total of 36 young adults played a low body-involvement (ie, Fruit Ninja VR) and a high body-involvement (ie, Audioshield) video game in virtual reality. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form-Y1 (STAI-Y1) were used to assess positive and negative emotions and state anxiety. Results: Results of the generalized linear model (GLM) for repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a statistically significant increase in the intensity of happiness (P<.001) and surprise (P=.003) and, in parallel, a significant decrease in fear (P=.01) and sadness (P<.001) reported by the users. Regarding the ability to improve anxiety in the players, the results showed a significant decrease in perceived state anxiety after game play, assessed with both the STAI-Y1 (P=.003) and the VAS-anxiety (P=.002). Finally, the results of the GLM MANOVA showed a greater efficacy of the high body-involvement game (ie, Audioshield) compared to the low body-involvement game (ie, Fruit Ninja VR), both for eliciting positive emotions (happiness, P<.001; and surprise, P=.01) and in reducing negative emotions (fear, P=.05; and sadness, P=.05) and state anxiety, as measured by the STAI-Y1 (P=.05). Conclusions: The two main principal findings of this study are as follows: (1) virtual reality video games appear to be effective tools to elicit positive emotions and to decrease negative emotions and state anxiety in individuals and (2) the level of body involvement of the virtual video game has an important effect in determining the ability of the game to improve positive emotions and decrease negative emotions and state anxiety of ...

show abstract

Section: Potential For Virtual Reality Gaming To Elicit Positive Emotsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Games and the Role of Body Involvement in Enhancing Positive Emotions and Decreasing Anxiety: Within-Subjects Pilot Study

Pallavicini¹,

Pepe²

2020

JMIR Serious Games

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cybersickness can be described as a visually induced motion sickness that is common in immersive VR sessions [55]. Although the SSQ was not explicitly developed for assessing cybersickness, it is widely used in assessing the outcome of experience with VR environments [56-58]. The 6 participants with the strongest motion sickness symptoms had to stop the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background In recent years, many studies have associated sedentary behavior in front of screens with health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Yet options for exergaming—playing video games that require rigorous physical exercise—seem to fall short of the physical activity levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR)-based training system on cardiovascular and muscular parameters of young adults. Methods A cross-sectional experiment design was used to analyze muscle activity (surface electromyography), heart rate, perceived exertion (RPE), cybersickness symptoms, perceived workload, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) in 33 participants performing two 5-minute flights on a new training device. Results Participants’ performance of the planking position required to play the game resulted in moderate aerobic intensity (108 [SD 18.69] bpm). Due to the mainly isometric contraction of the dorsal muscle chain (with a mean activation between 20.6% [SD 10.57] and 26.7% [SD 17.39] maximum voluntary isometric contraction), participants described the exercise as a moderate to vigorous activity (RPE 14.6 [SD 1.82]). The majority reported that they enjoyed the exercise (PACES 3.74 [SD 0.16]). However, six participants had to drop out because of cybersickness symptoms and two because of muscle pain due to prior injuries. Conclusions Our findings suggest that fully immersive VR training systems can contribute to muscle-strengthening activities for healthy users. However, the dropout rate highlights the need for technological improvements in both software and hardware. In prevention and therapy, movement quality is a fundamental part of providing effective resistance training that benefits health. Exergaming on a regular basis has the potential to develop strong muscles and a healthy back. It is essential that future VR-based training systems take into account the recommendations of sport and exercise science.

show abstract

“…As discussed by Kramida (2016), the vergence-accommodation conflict could be an explanation for this difference. These results suggest that immersive VR applications such as virtual roller coasters (Nesbitt et al 2017;Nalivaiko et al 2015;Sra et al 2019;Gavgani et al 2017;Jin et al 2018;Onuki et al 2017), car simulations (Walch et al 2017;Weidner et al 2017;Rietzler et al 2018;Oishi et al 2016), bike driving simulators (Tran et al 2018;Mittelstädt et al 2019), flight simulations (Garcia-Agundez et al 2019a;Mirhosseini et al 2017) and wheelchair simulators (John et al 2018;Chowdhury et al 2017b) cause higher SSQ scores due to sensory mismatch and, in particular, due to perceived self-motion while remaining stationary. Some studies suggest that air cushions (Onuki et al 2017) or vibrokinetic seats (Gardé et al 2018) can mitigate CS symptoms while driving.…”

Section: Perceived Motion In Vr Simulatorsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, several studies show that SSQ scores are generally higher in VR-HMD conditions compared to non-VR conditions. For example, Walch et al (2017) studied the intensity of CS while the participants either drove a car visible on the flat screen or via a HMD. In this study, the participants reported higher CS symptoms scores in VR-HMD setup (SSQ scores of 29.09) compared to the screen setup (SSQ scores of 16.41).…”

Section: Perceived Motion In Vr Simulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersickness in current-generation virtual reality head-mounted displays: systematic review and outlook

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cybersickness (CS) is a term used to refer to symptoms, such as nausea, headache, and dizziness that users experience during or after virtual reality immersion. Initially discovered in flight simulators, commercial virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD) of the current generation also seem to cause CS, albeit in a different manner and severity. The goal of this work is to summarize recent literature on CS with modern HMDs, to determine the specificities and profile of immersive VR-caused CS, and to provide an outlook for future research areas. A systematic review was performed on the databases IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, and Scopus from 2013 to 2019 and 49 publications were selected. A summarized text states how different VR HMDs impact CS, how the nature of movement in VR HMDs contributes to CS, and how we can use biosensors to detect CS. The results of the meta-analysis show that although current-generation VR HMDs cause significantly less CS ($$p<0.001$$ p < 0.001 ), some symptoms remain as intense. Further results show that the nature of movement and, in particular, sensory mismatch as well as perceived motion have been the leading cause of CS. We suggest an outlook on future research, including the use of galvanic skin response to evaluate CS in combination with the golden standard (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, SSQ) as well as an update on the subjective evaluation scores of the SSQ.

show abstract

Evaluating VR Driving Simulation from a Player Experience Perspective

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Virtual Reality Games and the Role of Body Involvement in Enhancing Positive Emotions and Decreasing Anxiety: Within-Subjects Pilot Study

Virtual Reality Games and the Role of Body Involvement in Enhancing Positive Emotions and Decreasing Anxiety: Within-Subjects Pilot Study

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

Cybersickness in current-generation virtual reality head-mounted displays: systematic review and outlook

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About