“…Based on the global equivalent factor table proposed by Costanza et al [ 5 ], a large number of studies on ecosystem service values (ESVs) have emerged [ 39 , 40 ]. ESVs have been assessed at different scales, including regions [ 41 , 42 , 43 ], basins [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], coastal areas [ 47 , 48 ], island [ 49 ], and cities [ 50 , 51 ], and for different ecosystem types such as forest [ 52 , 53 ], grassland [ 54 ], plateau [ 55 ], lake [ 56 , 57 ], wetland [ 58 , 59 ], farmland [ 60 , 61 ], and ocean [ 62 ]. Although a large amount of research work has been conducted on the valuation methods of ESVs [ 5 , 63 , 64 ], a unified valuation system has not yet been formed [ 65 , 66 , 67 ], and the differences in methods have led to large differences in research results, thus limiting the objective perception of ES functions and their values.…”