Evaluation and Comparison of the Marginal Adaptation of an Epoxy, Calcium Hydroxide-based, and Bioceramic-based Root Canal Sealer to Root Dentin by SEM Analysis: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the sealer penetrability and gap formation of root canal sealer to root dentin filled with AH Plus, Sealapex, and BioRoot RCS. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven mandibular second premolars were selected and were radiographed at two angulations. The teeth were stored in labeled plastic vials containing artificial saliva and were randomly assigned to three groups based on the sealer, group I-AH Plus (n = 9), group II-Sealapex (n = 9), and group III-BioRoot RCS (n = 9); teeth were de-coronated and the conventional root canal therapy was done with Protaper gold rotary files. Three groups were filled with AH Plus, Sealapex, and BioRoot RCS with the single-cone technique. About 1-mm sections of apical, middle, and cervical third were taken using a water-cooled low-speed saw. All specimens are evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. Clinical significance: The main goal of obturation is to provide a three-dimensional seal, thereby preventing the reinfection of the root canal and preserving the health of periapical tissues. Because of the hydrophobic nature of gutta-percha, the sealer tends to pull away from gutta-percha on the setting. To overcome these drawbacks, new sealer systems have been introduced to enhance the sealing ability. Resin-based sealers have gained more popularity in recent years because these sealers penetrate deep into the dentinal tubules due to their better flowability, long setting time, and provide long-term dimensional stability. The resin-based sealer used in this study is the AH Plus. It is compared with the newly introduced bioceramic sealer BioRoot RCS for marginal adaptation. Results: It was found that the AH Plus group had a higher depth of sealer penetration than other groups and the BioRoot RCS group revealed a minimum gap formation than other groups of sealers evaluated in the study. Conclusion: The Bioceramic sealer revealed better sealer penetrability at the apical third and minimal gap formation compared to the epoxy resin-based and the calcium hydroxide-based sealer.

Evaluation of the Marginal Adaptation of Two Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements Used in Apical Plugs: An In Vitro Study

“…In addition to solubility, the chemical composition of hydraulic calcium silicate cements also plays a crucial role in tubular penetration. Hydrophilic materials tend to penetrate dentinal tubules more deeply than hydrophobic materials [17]. Studies have shown that hydraulic calcium silicate cements exhibit superior marginal adaptation when compared to epoxy resin-based materials, attributed to the small particle size of hydraulic calcium silicate cement materials, facilitating enhanced penetration through dentinal tubules [18].…”

“…The materials employed in this clinical procedure should possess the ability to consistently provide sealing, exhibit good biocompatibility, ensure effective adhesion to root canal walls and maintain dimensional stability. Additionally, it is imperative for these materials to be hydrophilic [17,18], with a low solubility, be easy to handle and have a short setting time and good radiopacity [19,20].…”

Assessment of Coronal Microleakage Following Root Canal Obturation With Calcium Silicate Sealers

“…The comparable result of ADSEAL to One-Fil may be related to the capability of resin sealer to react with any exposed amino groups in collagen and create covalent bonds after the epoxide ring of resin is opened (Kebudi Benezra et al, 2018). The mechanism of bonding of hydraulic calcium silicate sealer to root dentin could be linked to the following mechanisms; infiltration of the sealer's mineral content into the intratubular dentin resulting in the establishment of a mineral infiltration zone produced after denaturing the collagen fibers with a strong alkaline sealer, Partial reaction of calcium silicate hydrogel with phosphate in a moistened environment leading to the formation of hydroxyapatite with the dentin substrate, and Diffusion of the sealer particles into the dentinal tubules to produce mechanical interlocking bonds added to the chemical bond (Mathew et al, 2019) The results of this study coincide with other studies that found no significant difference between pre-mixed TotallFill biocermic sealer (FKG, Switzerland) and AH Plus resin sealer (DENTSPLY, USA) as both sealers exhibited similar bonding strength to the root canal (Gyulbenkiyan et al, 2020). Also, other studies came up with the same conclusion while investigating the premixed TotallFill, relating their results to the small size particle, followability and expansion of the premixed bioceramic sealer allowing it to penetrate into the dentinal tubules while AH Plus sealer is mild acidic pH which could etch dentin slightly, thereby improving sealer dentin adaptation (Salem et al, 2019).…”