Evaluation and control of occupational health risks from nanoparticles

A major health concern for nanomaterials is their potential toxic effect after inhalation of dusts. Correspondingly, the core element of tier 1 in the currently proposed integrated testing strategy (ITS) is a short-term rat inhalation study (STIS) for this route of exposure. STIS comprises a comprehensive scheme of biological effects and marker determination in order to generate appropriate information on early key elements of pathogenesis, such as inflammatory reactions in the lung and indications of effects in other organs. Within the STIS information on the persistence, progression and/or regression of effects is obtained. The STIS also addresses organ burden in the lung and potential translocation to other tissues. Up to now, STIS was performed in research projects and routine testing of nanomaterials. Meanwhile, rat STIS results for more than 20 nanomaterials are available including the representative nanomaterials listed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) working party on manufactured nanomaterials (WPMN), which has endorsed a list of representative manufactured nanomaterials (MN) as well as a set of relevant endpoints to be addressed. Here, results of STIS carried out with different nanomaterials are discussed as case studies. The ranking of different nanomaterials potential to induce adverse effects and the ranking of the respective NOAEC are the same among the STIS and the corresponding subchronic and chronic studies. In another case study, a translocation of a coated silica nanomaterial was judged critical for its safety assessment. Thus, STIS enables application of the proposed ITS, as long as reliable and relevant in vitro methods for the tier 1 testing are still missing. Compared to traditional subacute and subchronic inhalation testing (according to OECD test guidelines 412 and 413), STIS uses less animals and resources and offers additional information on organ burden and progression or regression of potential effects.

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“…Due to agglomeration, exposure to primary nanoparticles in aerosols is expected to be low (Plitzko 2009;Schneider et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard identification of inhaled nanomaterials: making use of short-term inhalation studies

Klein

Wiench

Wiemann³

et al. 2012

Arch Toxicol

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“…Depending on the smelting process, between 25% and 30% of them have a fiber shape. Grinding was observed to emit more nanoparticles compared to Overview of Workplace Exposure to Nanomaterials Failure during mechanical tests [82] DiSC mini , dual stage diffusion charger (Matter Aerosol, Switzerland); FMPS, fast mobility particle sizer. Metal machining was also reported as causing nanoscale emissions, both as a result of the generation of oil mist during forming, treading, and heat treatment operations involving the use of mineral oil-based metalworking fluids [123] as well as through the production of metal dust [57].…”

Section: Results On Occupational Exposure To Incidental Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Workplace Exposure to Nanomaterials

Dolez

Debia

2015

Nanoengineering

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“…An assessment of the potential risks and hazards associated with human exposure to engineered nanomaterials has gained increasing attention in the literature,7,21,22 including field studies evaluating workers' exposure and elucidating what measurement techniques should be used to monitor occupational exposures 23–26. Recent review articles provide an overview of occupational health and safety research in workplaces where nanomaterials are present 27–29.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and safety implications of occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials

Stebounova

Morgan

Grassian

et al. 2011

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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The rapid growth and commercialization of nanotechnology are currently outpacing health and safety recommendations for engineered nanomaterials. As the production and use of nanomaterials increase, so does the possibility that there will be exposure of workers and the public to these materials. This review provides a summary of current research and regulatory efforts related to occupational exposure and medical surveillance for the nanotechnology workforce, focusing on the most prevalent industrial nanomaterials currently moving through the research, development, and manufacturing pipelines. Their applications and usage precedes a discussion of occupational health and safety efforts, including exposure assessment, occupational health surveillance, and regulatory considerations for these nanomaterials.

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Evaluation and control of occupational health risks from nanoparticles

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Hazard identification of inhaled nanomaterials: making use of short-term inhalation studies

Hazard identification of inhaled nanomaterials: making use of short-term inhalation studies

Overview of Workplace Exposure to Nanomaterials

Health and safety implications of occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials

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