Evaluation and Emergy Analysis of the Cobscook Bay Ecosystem

Campbell, Daniel E.

doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2004)11[355:eaeaot]2.0.co;2

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…On an emergy basis, the proportion of total emergy use (U) accounted for by tourism rose from 11.1% in 1983 to 46.8% in 2007, versus a corresponding increase for the gambling component from 4.6% to 33.0%. Indicators 198319851988199019931995199719992000200320042007 These results can be explained by changes in the components of different industries and their development during this period. Tourism, manufacturing, finance and insurance, and construction and real estate had been thought of as the four pillars of Macao's economy in the 1980s (Miao et al, 1988).…”

Section: Emergy Accounting For Macao's Tourism Sectormentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ulgiati and Brown (2009) explored ''the way energy and material resources of different quality flow through ecosystems'' and discussed the ''ecosystem complexity'' resulting from changes in emergy, empower, and transformity. Emergy, a unit of resource use and work potential, has been used to quantitatively evaluate the sustainability and condition of a system across both temporal and spatial scales in many different fields since 1990 (Huang and Odum, 1991;Huang, 1998;Johansson et al, 2000;Brandt-Williams, 2001;Brown and Buranakarn, 2003;Campbell, 2004;Cuadra and Rydberg, 2006;Zhang et al, 2008;Li and Wang, 2009;Lei et al, 2010;Ren et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emergy analysis for tourism systems: Principles and a case study for Macao

Lei

Zhou

et al. 2011

Ecological Complexity

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Section: Emergy Accounting For Macao's Tourism Sectormentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergy analysis for tourism systems: Principles and a case study for Macao

Lei

Zhou

et al. 2011

Ecological Complexity

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“…Because this method is not based on subjective perceptions of value, it has been used often for analyzing both ecosystems and industrial systems (e.g. Brown and Bardi 2001;Abel 2003;Campbell 2004) The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCIs), South Bahamas, have developed extensively for the tourism industry. Providenciales and Grand Turk have developed the biggest traditional tourism industries in the TCI while Middle Caicos is earmarked for ecotourism.…”

Section: Valuation Of Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands

2011

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The Turks and Caicos Islands are currently in the midst of an economic revolution from a marine-based provisional economy to a tourism economy. East Bay, South Caicos, is currently under construction with plans for a 160-unit condominium complex. Included in the project plan is removal of seagrass beds in front of the development to make a sandy beach for tourists. The aims of this study were to (i) describe the bathymetry and benthic habitat coverage of East Bay before dredging takes place and (ii) perform an economic valuation on the turtle grass beds that will be dredged using ecosystem valuation and emergy analysis techniques. The bathymetry survey revealed shallow waters (<1.5 m) until the reef drop off (∼650 m offshore). Benthic habitat exhibits zonation following the general progression: sand plain, algal plain, seagrass, coral rubble and seagrass, rock and turf algae, and reef flat. Ecosystem services valued the proposed dredging area at USD $28,807 per year, compared to emergy analysis, which valued the proposed dredging site at USD $32,060 per year. The baselines presented in the study may facilitate a quantitative assessment of dredging impacts on turtle grass once dredging is complete and an economical cost-benefit-analysis of the dredging project to see whether the economic gains outweigh the ecological costs of dredging in front of the East Bay development.

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“…The solar transformity of sunlight absorbed by the earth is defined as the baseline at 1 sej/J. Transformities have been calculated for a wide variety of resources, commodities, and renewable energies (e.g., Brown & Bardi, 2002;Brandt-Williams, 2002;Brown & Ulgiati, 2004;Campbell, 2004;Campbell, Meisch, Demoss, Pomponio, & Bradley, 2004;Diemont, Martin, & Levy-Tacher, 2006;Gravitis, 2004;Gronlund, Klang, Falk, & Hanaeus, 2004;Kangas, 2002;Meillaud, Gay, & Brown, 2005;Odum, 1996Odum, , 2000Odum, , 2004Wang, Zhang, & Ni, 2005;Zuo, Wan, Qin, Du, & Wang, 2004).…”

Section: Glossary Of Emergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Campbell et al (2004) described emergy accounting in terms of generally accepted financial accounting practices, including income statements, balance sheets and auditing, as part of their emergy evaluation of the U.S. state of West Virginia, which showed that the State possessed great wealth in the form of nonrenewable resources, but that the living standard of residents had failed to benefit sufficiently from that wealth. A recent emergy evaluation of a highly productive estuary in the state of Maine (USA) by Campbell (2004) demonstrated the ability of emergy accounting to highlight the importance of renewable environmental energies (i.e., tides, nutrients from deep-water upwelling and waves) in driving the naturally high productivity of an estuarine fishery. Diemont et al (2006) presented an emergy evaluation of swidden agroforestry practiced by Lacondon Maya in Chiapas, Mexico that showed high yields of crop production for small investments of human energy and low loading on the environment.…”

Section: Brief History and Recent Applications Of Emergy Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergy-based Simulation to Assess Brazil’s Long-term Carrying Capacity: Environment, Electricity and Population

Tilley

Comar²

2006

Popul Environ

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A macroscopic mini-model of Brazil's electrical generating capacity (BRAZ-ELECTRIX, Brazilian Electricity Matrix) was developed using the Energy Systems Language and simulated with iconographic ExtendÒ software to explore long-term (200 years) population carrying capacity. South American reserves of natural gas (NG) and Brazilian stream hydro-power potential were assumed as the main inputs to electric power production. Energy values (e.g., kWh, joules) for fuels, electricity and environment were transformed to solar emergy (i.e., solar equivalent joules) to simplify cross comparison with a single metric. BRAZELECTRIX was calibrated using a holistic method that used mean component life-times and conservation of material and energy for each individual unit. Validation of BRAZELECTRIX, based on historical data, gave a root mean square error of 8% for hydroelectricity and 28% for natural gas use. Investments in natural gas infrastructure (e.g., contracts, pipelines, processing plants and electric power plants) accelerated Brazil's expansion of electrical generating capacity for a finite period, allowing the country to reach its renewable (hydro-power only) carrying capacity 100 years sooner than without (2040 vs. 2140). Brazil has a total of 560 zetta-solar equivalent joules per annum (1 Zseja = 1 ·10 21 sej per year) of stream hydro-power potential; 170 Zseja is currently used for electricity generation. According to BRAZELECTRIX, eventually 390 Zseja will be tapped for hydroelectricity. The standard of living, as measured by annual per capita electrical solar emergy, had risen 680% from 166 tera-solar equivalent joules (Tseja) to 1130 Tseja during the 35 year period following 1965 and was predicted to increase another 75% to its maximum (1973 Tseja) in 2050. By comparison, an urbanizing state of the United States (North Carolina) had an annual per capita electrical solar emergy of 7815 Tseja in 1992, indicating that Brazil could reach a living standard, as measured by per 123 capita electricity usage, equal to one-forth the level of United States. Macroscopic minimodels combined with emergy accounting evaluated long-term paths for Brazil's electricity supply and related it to natural environment trade-offs to demonstrate how sustainable carrying capacity of a developing nation can be forecast.

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Evaluation and Emergy Analysis of the Cobscook Bay Ecosystem

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Emergy analysis for tourism systems: Principles and a case study for Macao

Emergy analysis for tourism systems: Principles and a case study for Macao

To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands

Emergy-based Simulation to Assess Brazil’s Long-term Carrying Capacity: Environment, Electricity and Population

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