Evaluation and Management of an Uncommon Tumor of the Larynx: A Case Report and Literature Review of Laryngeal Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

Abstract

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) of the larynx is an uncommon entity. These mesenchymal tumors of the larynx are rare and account for approximately 0.3% to 1.0% of all neoplasms at this site. We report a rare case of LGMS of the larynx that involved the larynx of a 63-year-old man with a history of hoarseness of voice. The patient was treated with total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy without any adjuvant treatment. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells that manifested variable cellular anaplasia and expressed smooth muscle actin (SMA). Our patient is disease-free two years after surgery. The authors emphasize the clinical and histopathological findings and treatment of this case with a literature review. This case is among the few reported cases of LGMS of the larynx. It enlightens the classical clinical findings, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Surgical excision with negative margins requires no adjuvant therapy.

Larynx myofibroblastic tumor, a rare case report

“…Laryngeal tumors with histology other than squamous cell carcinoma are rare with an incidence of <1%. Most of these are mesenchymal tumors 10 . IMT is an extremely rare subtype in the larynx but more frequent in other areas of the head and neck.…”

“…Most of these are mesenchymal tumors. 10 IMT is an extremely rare subtype in the larynx but more frequent in other areas of the head and neck. Clinically, it mimics other more common laryngeal neoplasms, requiring a differential diagnosis.…”

“…[6][7][8][9] In the larynx, they mainly affect the vocal cords, with cases described at the supraglottic and subglottic levels. 1,10 The pathogenesis of this entity is related to reactive processes, infections, autoimmune diseases, laryngeal trauma, and other neoplasms, with no clear etiology described. 8,11 It affects mostly children and young adults.…”

“…They are less frequent in head and neck areas, with described involvement of parapharyngeal spaces, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, paranasal sinuses, orbit, and oral cavity 6‐9 . In the larynx, they mainly affect the vocal cords, with cases described at the supraglottic and subglottic levels 1,10 …”

“… 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 In the larynx, they mainly affect the vocal cords, with cases described at the supraglottic and subglottic levels. 1 , 10 …”