Evaluation and Management of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

Abstract

A BSTRACT Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) is more common than syndromic craniosynostosis and predominantly involves single suture. It affects sagittal, coronal, metopic, and lambdoid sutures in the decreasing order of frequency. A surgery for NSC is generally recommended to avoid potential neurodevelopmental delays and sequelae of raised intracranial pressure. Open calvarial vault reconstruction, strip craniectomy with/without the use of a postoperative molding helmet, strip craniectomy with spring implantations, endoscopic suture release, and cranial distraction osteogenesis are various surgical options used for NSC cases. The ideal age for intervention is 6–12 months for open procedures and 3–4 months for endoscopic approaches. The management is directed toward minimizing operative trauma and improving the neurocognitive outcome. The role of nonsurgical intervention by the use of genetic manipulation is still not a reality because of the nature of disease and time of presentation.

Craniofacial disorders and dysplasias: Molecular, clinical, and management perspectives

“…Surgery is mostly advised to prevent neurodevelopmental delays and effects of elevated intracranial pressure in craniosynostosis ( Marbate et al, 2022 ). Orthodontic treatment to correct occlusal issues and reconstruction of jaws, bone grafting, and distraction osteogenesis are recommended to enhance esthetics and improve function.…”

Exploring Different Management Modalities of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

“…Current rapid low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is the golden standard initial imaging modality for craniosynostosis [ 3 ]. It allows for preoperative planning through assessment of the following: suture patency, anthropometric measurements, and possible brain parenchymal or ventricular abnormalities such as Arnold-Chiari malformation and agenesis of the corpus callosum [ 3 , 11 ]. If cerebral anomalies are apparent on CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be utilized for better visualization [ 11 ].…”

“…The precise procedures differ according to each person’s anatomy and level of craniosynostosis. While remodeling the bandeau in trigonocephaly, splitting the bandeau and placement of an 8-10 mm interposition graft obtained from the visible parietal bone is achieved [ 3 ]. Patients may have edema and discomfort after surgery; these side effects can be controlled with painkillers and close observation.…”

“…Craniosynostosis is defined as an atypical skull shape brought about by the premature fusion of cranial sutures [ 1 ]. It is one of the most prevalent congenital anomalies presenting to craniofacial surgeons, occurring in one in every 2000-2500 births [ 2 , 3 ]. Craniosynostosis involves two main types: syndromic and nonsyndromic.…”