We present a systematic study on
the fabrication, characterization
of versatile, and low-cost filter paper-based surface-enhanced Raman
spectroscopy (SERS) substrates loaded with salt-induced aggregated
Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs). These were demonstrated as efficient SERS
substrates for the detection of multiple explosive molecules such
as picric acid (5 μM), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (1 μM), and
3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (10 μM) along with a common dye
molecule (methylene blue, 5 nM). The concentrations of the dye and
explosive molecules in terms of mass represent 31.98 pg, 11.45 ng,
1.82 ng, and 13.06 ng, respectively. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) colloidal
NPs were prepared by femtosecond laser (∼50 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz)
ablation of Ag/Au-target immersed in distilled water. Subsequently,
the aggregated nanoparticles were achieved by mixing the pure Ag and
Au NPs with different concentrations of NaCl. These aggregated NPs
were characterized by UV–visible absorption and high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy techniques. The SERS substrates were
prepared by soaking the filter paper in aggregated NPs. The morphologies
of the paper substrates were investigated using field-emission scanning
electron microscopy technique. We have achieved superior enhancements
with high reproducibility and sensitivity for filter paper substrates
loaded with Ag/Au NPs mixed for an optimum concentration of 50 mM
NaCl.