Evaluation and quantification of antimicrobial residues and antimicrobial resistance genes in two Italian swine farms

Petrin, Sara; Patuzzi, Ilaria; Cesare, Andrea Di; Tiengo, Alessia; Sette, Giovanni; Biancotto, Giancarlo; Corno, Gianluca; Drigo, Michele; Losasso, Carmen; Cibin, Veronica

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113183

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The uncontrolled prophylactic use of antibiotics in a hospital environment and on animal farms has resulted in a gradual build-up of resistance among enterococci [ 126 , 161 ]. It has been proven that the commensal genome of enterococci can evolve greater pathogenicity through adaptation to the hospital environment [ 84 ].…”

Section: The Problem Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

Krawczyk

Wityk

Gałęcka³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive, facultative, anaerobic cocci, which are found in the intestinal flora and, less frequently, in the vagina or mouth. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the most common species found in humans. As commensals, enterococci colonize the digestive system and participate in the modulation of the immune system in humans and animals. For many years reference enterococcal strains have been used as probiotic food additives or have been recommended as supplements for the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis and other conditions. The use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics has recently become controversial due to the ease of acquiring different virulence factors and resistance to various classes of antibiotics. Enterococci are also seen as opportunistic pathogens. This problem is especially relevant in hospital environments, where enterococcal outbreaks often occur. Their ability to translocate from the gastro-intestinal tract to various tissues and organs as well as their virulence and antibiotic resistance are risk factors that hinder eradication. Due to numerous reports on the plasticity of the enterococcal genome and the acquisition of pathogenic microbial features, we ask ourselves, how far is this commensal genus from acquiring pathogenicity? This paper discusses both the beneficial properties of these microorganisms and the risk factors related to their evolution towards pathogenicity.

show abstract

Section: The Problem Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

Krawczyk

Wityk

Gałęcka³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among breeding farms, poultry and pig livestock have received the majority of antibiotics for therapeutic or prophylactic use (Ungemach, 2000;Kim et al, 2011), resulting in an abundance of ARGs greater than three orders of magnitude compared to other farming systems, such as fish and cattle farming. Several studies confirmed swine farms as a hot-spot for ARB and ARGs (Rosen, 1995;Cromwell, 2002;de Greeff et al, 2019;Petrin et al, 2019). Recently, the scientific community investigated prevalence, abundance, and possible mobilization of ARGs in pig farms and surrounding environments (Hölzel et al, 2010;Marti Serrano, 2014;Petrin et al, 2019;Van den Meersche et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Use Of Veterinary Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies confirmed swine farms as a hot-spot for ARB and ARGs (Rosen, 1995;Cromwell, 2002;de Greeff et al, 2019;Petrin et al, 2019). Recently, the scientific community investigated prevalence, abundance, and possible mobilization of ARGs in pig farms and surrounding environments (Hölzel et al, 2010;Marti Serrano, 2014;Petrin et al, 2019;Van den Meersche et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019). (Schwarz et al, 2001;Petinaki et al, 2008;Guardabassi et al, 2009;Abbas et al, 2011;Van Hoek et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013;Shang et al, 2013;Tasho and Cho, 2016;Deng et al, 2017;Aghapour et al, 2019; https://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents).…”

Section: The Use Of Veterinary Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Animal Waste Resistome: The Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Through the Use of Livestock Manure

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem of growing concern. Animal manure application to soil is considered to be a main cause of the propagation and dissemination of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil-water system. In recent decades, studies on the impact of antibioticcontaminated manure on soil microbiomes have increased exponentially, in particular for taxonomical diversity and ARGs' diffusion. Antibiotic resistance genes are often located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Horizontal transfer of MGEs toward a broad range of bacteria (pathogens and human commensals included) has been identified as the main cause for their persistence and dissemination. Chemical and bio-sanitizing treatments reduce the antibiotic load and ARB. Nevertheless, effects of these treatments on the persistence of resistance genes must be carefully considered. This review analyzed the most recent research on antibiotic and ARG environmental dissemination conveyed by livestock waste. Strategies to control ARG dissemination and antibiotic persistence were reviewed with the aim to identify methods for monitoring DNA transferability and environmental conditions promoting such diffusion.

show abstract

“…At the farm level, it has been estimated that up to 90% of used antimicrobials is released in the environment through animal excreta (urine and feces) ( Heuer et al., 2011 ), with a long-time persistence and thus contributing to the development and selection of resistant bacteria. Once released in the environment, the microorganisms and their ARG can persist and eventually stabilize into the microbial community ( Petrin et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Note: Detection of antibiotic-resistance genes in commercial poultry and turkey flocks from Italy

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antibiotics are routinely used in commercial poultry farms for the treatment of economically important bacterial diseases. Repeated use of antibiotics, usually administered in the feed or drinking water, may also result in the selection of resistant bacteria in animal feces, able to transfer their antimicrobial-resistance genes ( ARG ), residing on mobile elements, to other microorganisms, including human pathogens. In this study, single and multiplex PCR protocols were performed to detect tetracycline-, lincomycin-, chloramphenicol-, aminoglycoside-, colistin-, vancomycin-, and carbapenem-resistance genes, starting from 38 litter samples collected from 6 poultry and 2 turkey Italian flocks. The ARG were confirmed for all investigated classes of antimicrobials, except for colistin ( mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3,mcr-4 mcr-5 ) and carbapenem ( IMP, OXA-48, NDM , KPC ), while the vanB gene was only detected for vancomycin. The highest positivity was obtained for tetracycline ( tet[L], tet[M] , tet[K], tetA[P] ] and aminoglycoside ( aadA2 ) ARG, confirming the predominant use of these antimicrobials in the veterinary practice and their potential to enhance the resistance patterns also in humans as a consequence of environmental contamination. On the contrary, the dissemination by poultry of ARG for critically important antimicrobials seems to be of minor concern, suggesting a negligible environmental dissemination by these genes in the Italian poultry industry. Finally, the molecular screening performed in this study using a noninvasive sampling method represents a simple and rapid tool for monitoring the ARG patterns at the farm level.

show abstract

Evaluation and quantification of antimicrobial residues and antimicrobial resistance genes in two Italian swine farms

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

Exploring the Animal Waste Resistome: The Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Through the Use of Livestock Manure

Research Note: Detection of antibiotic-resistance genes in commercial poultry and turkey flocks from Italy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About