Evaluation and Sequential Dispatch of Operating Reserve Provided by Air Conditioners Considering Lead–Lag Rebound Effect

Cui, Wenqi; Ding, Yi; Hui, Hon Tat; Liu, Shengyuan; Du, Pengwei; Song, Yonghua; Shao, Changzheng

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2846270

Cited by 79 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…5, respectively. methods based on derated rates [6]. Because of the rebound effect, the equivalent operating reserve also decreases after 1:20 and eventually reaches the value of only 20MW.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Operating Reserve Provided By Tclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all the DSRs, thermostatically-controlled loads (TCLs) have been considered as one of the most suitable resources for providing reserve services, since TCLs may account for over 40% of energy consumption for days with extremely hot or cold weather and can be flexibly controlled by adjusting thermostat set-point temperature [6]. It has been shown that 37% of load reduction in the confirmed demand response (DR) events in PJM in 2017 is provided by TCLs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-state operating reserve model of aggregate thermostatically-controlled-loads for power system short-term reliability evaluation

et al. 2019

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Thermostatically-controlled-loads (TCLs) have been regarded as a good candidate for maintaining the power system reliability by providing operating reserve. The short-term reliability evaluation of power systems, which is essential for power system operators in decision making to secure the system real time balancing, calls for the accurate modelling of operating reserve provided by TCLs. However, the particular characteristics of TCLs make their dynamic response different from the traditional generating units, resulting in difficulties to accurately represent the reliability of operating reserve provided by TCLs with conventional reliability model. This paper proposes a novel multi-state reliability model of operating reserve provided by TCLs considering their dynamic response during the reserve deployment process. An analytical model for characterizing dynamics of operating reserve provided by TCLs is firstly developed based on the migration of TCLs' room temperature within the temperature hysteresis band. Then, considering the stochastic consumers' behaviour and ambient temperature, the probability distribution functions of reserve capacity provided by TCLs are obtained by cumulants. On this basis, the states of reserve capacity and the corresponding probabilities at each time instant are obtained for representing the reliability of operating reserve provided by TCLs in the LZ-transform approach. Case studies are conducted to validate the proposed technique.

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Section: Dynamics Of Operating Reserve Provided By Tclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-state operating reserve model of aggregate thermostatically-controlled-loads for power system short-term reliability evaluation

et al. 2019

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“…where η is the coefficient of performance (COP) [8], also known as the energy efficiency ratio (EER). For ACs, the typical values [35] of the thermal parameters of the TCLs are in Table 1.…”

Section: Etp Model Of the Tclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above three methods can achieve VESS aggregation. After loads finish participating in demand response and start running again, their operating power may exceed the original power before these loads are controlled, which is called the load rebound phenomenon [8]. During the charging process and the discharging process, the fast change of temperature settings will lead to load rebound of aggregated TCLs.…”

Section: Equivalence Of the Aggregated Tclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), such as air conditionings (ACs), are consuming more electricity [7]. For example, according to the statistics [8], ACs have accounted for around 30~40% of peak loads during summer in China, even 50% in Shanghai and Beijing. Besides, the progressed information and communication technologies nowadays have provided better infrastructure to provide regulation services for power systems by adjusting the power consumption of TCLs remotely or autonomously [9], named as demand response (DR) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

Xie

Hui

Ding

2019

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) brings more power generation fluctuations into power systems, which puts forward higher requirement on the regulation capacities for maintaining the power balance between supply and demand. In addition to traditional generators for providing regulation capacities, the progressed information and communication technologies enable an alternative method by controlling flexible loads, especially thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) for regulation services. This paper investigates the modeling and control strategies of aggregated TCLs as the virtual energy storage system (VESS) for demand response. First, TCLs are modeled as VESSs and compared with the traditional energy storage system (ESS) to analyze their characteristic differences. Then, the control strategies of VESS are investigated in microgrid and main grid aspects, respectively. It shows that VESS control strategies can play important roles in frequency regulation and voltage regulation for power systems' stability. Finally, future research directions of VESS are prospected, including the schedulable potential evaluation, modeling of TCLs, hierarchical control strategies of VESS considering ESSs and RESs and reliability and fast response in frequency control for VESS.

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Multiperiod heating storage control for distributed electric heating considering wind curtailment accommodation

Yang

Yan

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Evaluation and Sequential Dispatch of Operating Reserve Provided by Air Conditioners Considering Lead–Lag Rebound Effect

Cited by 79 publications

References 49 publications

Multi-state operating reserve model of aggregate thermostatically-controlled-loads for power system short-term reliability evaluation

Multi-state operating reserve model of aggregate thermostatically-controlled-loads for power system short-term reliability evaluation

Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

Multiperiod heating storage control for distributed electric heating considering wind curtailment accommodation

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