Evaluation criteria for the anchorage resistance of safety belts on agricultural tractors

Molari, Giovanni; Rondelli, Valda

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.03.005

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, it is difficult to completely eliminate the hazard and to guarantee the comprehensive stability of the vehicle, since the risk of overturning is the result of the interaction between different factors, including the slope steepness [5,20]. Therefore, different technical protective measures can be adopted to prevent injuries (step 3) in the case of a rollover: the combined use of a Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) and a seatbelt is the most effective way to prevent fatal injuries during rollover incidents [6,21,22,23]. The effectiveness of such features has been investigated and recognized for many years, and they have been required to be fitted to tractors since the ’80s in the markets of developed countries [24,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warning against Critical Slopes in Agriculture: Comprehension of Targeted Safety Signs in a Group of Machinery Operators in Italy

Vigoroso

Caffaro

Cavallo

2019

IJERPH

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Steep slopes are the main cause of rollover incidents in agriculture. Targeted safety signs have been developed to warn machinery operators against risky slopes. However, machinery user’s manuals and road signs report information regarding slope steepness in two different ways, by using the tilt angle in degrees and the slope percentage, respectively. In this study, we investigated the comprehension of safety signs depicting critical slopes, either in degrees or as percent values in a group of Italian agricultural machinery operators while considering the possible influence of previous experience with agricultural machinery, previous incidents, and on-farm occupation. Eighteen tractor and self-propelled machinery operators were administered graphical representations of seven slope angles in a randomized order and then were asked to estimate the slope steepness as both a tilt angle and a slope percentage. The participants tended to overestimate slope steepness in degrees, whereas the opposite was true for percentages. Farmers who were previously involved in a machinery-related incident were more accurate in their estimates. The present results raise some considerations regarding the need to redesign safety communication and to promote targeted training interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warning against Critical Slopes in Agriculture: Comprehension of Targeted Safety Signs in a Group of Machinery Operators in Italy

Vigoroso

Caffaro

Cavallo

2019

IJERPH

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“…A roll-bar is designed to stay in the vertical upright position (protection) during all stages of tractor use, but must be lowered during passage under canopy between crop rows in order to avoid interfering with foliage and fruits [16][17][18][19]. In addition, many specialised tractors have a relatively high centre of gravity and a reduced ground clearance that often makes it impossible to perform normal cultivation tasks in particular specialised crops [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of a Compact Profile Agricultural Tractor Suitable for Use on Specialised Tree Crops

2020

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This study firstly examined certain methods of vineyard management typically adopted in Apulia for both table grapes and wine grapes. In the later phenological stages, guyot or spurred cordon vineyards have extremely abundant vegetation, which drastically limits the space available between the rows for the passage of a tractor, even for a narrow-track vehicle. On the other hand, vegetation in tendone vineyards is situated at approximately 1.90 m above the soil surface, so that total tractor height must be compatible with this cultivation method. Foliage canopies in these types of vineyard cultivation system were evaluated at the times of their maximum growth in order to identify the maximum possible size of a prototype tractor that would be able to pass between vineyard rows without interfering in any way with the vegetation and fruits. Using the results of field measurements, it was established that the prototype tractor must have a maximum height of 1600 mm, with a minimum front axle track of less than 1100 mm and a back axle track of less than 1000 mm. A tractor built to these specifications is now being tested in order to compare its performance with that of other tractors commonly used in Apulia in various agricultural contexts.

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“…This means that there are numerous potential tractor rollover scenarios, and that rollover victims are tractor operators of all ages and experience on a variety of terrains (Liu and Ayers, 1996). According to EU directives (European Commission, 2003 manufacturers fit tractors with a rollover protective structure (ROPS) (European Commission, 1979, 1986, 1987OECD, 2014) and a seat belt anchorage (European Commission, 1976;Molari and Rondelli, 2007;ISO, 2013). During tractor rollover, this 2-point pelvic restraint system holds the driver movements inside the safety volume maintained by the ROPS (Nichol et al, 2005;Silleli et al, 2008) and protects him also when involved in head-on collisions (Myers, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multibody approach applied to the study of driver injuries due to a narrow-track wheeled tractor rollover

Pascuzzi¹

2015

J Agricult Engineer

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This paper proposes the use of the multibody approach to evaluate the severity of the injuries to the driver associated with rollover of an agricultural tractor. A simple rollover accident of a narrow-track wheeled tractor was simulated in the multibody-FEM Madymo environment and the biomechanical damage to the operator with and without 2-point pelvic restraint was analysed. The structure of the tractor was considered to be unbendable, whereas i) infinitely rigid, ii) clay-based and iii) sand-based soils have been studied. The obtained results highlight the important role played by the seat belt in confining the farm operator within the safety volume maintained by the rollover protective structure (ROPS) of the tractor so that the injuries are reduced. The deformation of the soil produces lower acceleration and velocity values than those obtained with a rigid soil. On the other hand, as soil plastic deformations increase, the penetration of ROPS into the soil also increases, thus reducing the safety volume of the tractor and increasing the probability of interactions between the operator and the soil.

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Evaluation criteria for the anchorage resistance of safety belts on agricultural tractors

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Warning against Critical Slopes in Agriculture: Comprehension of Targeted Safety Signs in a Group of Machinery Operators in Italy

Warning against Critical Slopes in Agriculture: Comprehension of Targeted Safety Signs in a Group of Machinery Operators in Italy

The Concept of a Compact Profile Agricultural Tractor Suitable for Use on Specialised Tree Crops

A multibody approach applied to the study of driver injuries due to a narrow-track wheeled tractor rollover

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