“…However, this practice can complicate software maintenance and it has been suggested that too much cloned code is a risk, albeit the practice itself is not generally harmful [13]. Because of these problems, many approaches to detect cloned code have been developed [5,6,9,12,[16][17][18]21]. Empirical studies of cloned code have focused mainly on examining whether code clones are changed consistently [4,10,15,19].…”