Evaluation indices of sour flavor for apple fruit and grading standards

Yan, Zhiying; Liu, Zheng; Nie, Jun; Li, Zhixia; Yang, Cheng

doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(17)61795-7

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Apple domestication resulted in the reduction of certain compounds that produce adverse effects on taste, including tannins [ 30 ], organic acids [ 10 , 64 ], flavonoids, and phenolic acids [ 32 ] but not sugars, which are consistent with previous reports [ 26 ]. Also, organic acid content has been identified as the key criterion for the evolution of taste during domestication in citrus [ 65 ], lettuce [ 63 ], jujube [ 66 ], and pear [ 67 ], which showed both distinct and overlapping aspects of genetic control of metabolism between species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A metabolic perspective of selection for fruit quality related to apple domestication and improvement

Lin

Chen

Wang³

et al. 2023

Genome Biol

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Background Apple is an economically important fruit crop. Changes in metabolism accompanying human-guided evolution can be revealed using a multiomics approach. We perform genome-wide metabolic analysis of apple fruits collected from 292 wild and cultivated accessions representing various consumption types. Results We find decreased amounts of certain metabolites, including tannins, organic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids as the wild accessions transition to cultivated apples, while lysolipids increase in the “Golden Delicious” to “Ralls Janet” pedigree, suggesting better storage. We identify a total of 222,877 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with 2205 apple metabolites. Investigation of a region from 2.84 to 5.01 Mb on chromosome 16 containing co-mapping regions for tannins, organic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids indicates the importance of these metabolites for fruit quality and nutrition during breeding. The tannin and acidity-related genes Myb9-like and PH4 are mapped closely to fruit weight locus fw1 from 3.41 to 3.76 Mb on chromosome 15, a region under selection during domestication. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) 18:1, which is suppressed by fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2), is positively correlated to fruit firmness. We find the fruit weight is negatively correlated with salicylic acid and abscisic acid levels. Further functional assays demonstrate regulation of these hormone levels by NAC-like activated by Apetala3/Pistillata (NAP) and ATP binding cassette G25 (ABCG25), respectively. Conclusions This study provides a metabolic perspective for selection on fruit quality during domestication and improvement, which is a valuable resource for investigating mechanisms controlling apple metabolite content and quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A metabolic perspective of selection for fruit quality related to apple domestication and improvement

Lin

Chen

Wang³

et al. 2023

Genome Biol

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“…The identification of fruit maturity stages can be conducted using indices that are relevant to internal attributes such as titratable acidity (TA) [8,9,10], flesh firmness [11,12], soluble solids content (SSC) [9], starch content [13,14] and total soluble solids (TSS) [15]. However, precisely measuring the above indices usually requires manual destructive sampling inspection, which is costly, nontrivial and laborious and not appropriate for on-line estimation of fruit maturity [6] and is thus not suitable to be integrated in automatic fruit sorting systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of External Properties for Identifying Banana Fruit Maturity Stages Using Optical Imaging Techniques

Zhuang

Hou

Tang

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The maturity stage of bananas has a considerable influence on the fruit postharvest quality and the shelf life. In this study, an optical imaging based method was formulated to assess the importance of different external properties on the identification of four successive banana maturity stages. External optical properties, including the peel color and the local textural and local shape information, were extracted from the stalk, middle and tip of the bananas. Specifically, the peel color attributes were calculated from individual channels in the hue-saturation-value (HSV), the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L*a*b* and the CIE L*ch color spaces; the textural information was encoded using a local binary pattern with uniform patterns (UP-LBP); and the local shape features were described by histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). Three classifiers based on the naïve Bayes (NB), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were adopted to evaluate the performance of identifying banana fruit maturity stages using the different optical appearance features. The experimental results demonstrate that overall identification accuracies of 99.2%, 100% and 99.2% were achieved using color appearance features with the NB, LDA and SVM classifiers, respectively; overall accuracies of 92.6%, 86.8% and 93.4% were obtained using local textural features for the three classifiers, respectively; and overall accuracies of only 84.3%, 83.5% and 82.6% were obtained using local shape features with the three classifiers, respectively. Compared to the complicated calculation of both the local textural and local shape properties, the simplicity and high accuracy of the peel color property make it more appropriate for identifying banana fruit maturity stages using optical imaging techniques.

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“…Soon afterwards, Liu [23] and Liu [18] developed the method and applied it to the evaluation of quantitative traits in Chinese Jujuba. In recent years, the method has been used in the classification of important quantitative characteristics in mango [25], Armeniaca vulgaris [26], table grape [27], wild Actinidia eriantha [28], and apple fruit [29], among others. Surprisingly, it was also used to define the shape of the ray floret in large-flowered chrysanthemum to make the standard more accurate and objective than direct observation [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait Variations and Probability Grading Index System on Leaf-Related Traits of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Germplasm

Deng

Xie

Long

et al. 2021

Plants

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Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO), an economic tree grown specifically in China, is widely used in various fields. To satisfy the requirements of industrial development, superior varieties need to be selected for different uses. However, there is no unified standard for breeders to reference. In this study, leaf-related traits were classified by a probability grading method. The results indicated there were significant differences between different planting models for the studied traits, and the traits in the Arbor forest model showed more abundant variation. Compared with genotype, the planting model accounted for relatively bigger variance, indicating that the standard should be divided according to planting models. Furthermore, the optimum planting model for different traits would be obtained by analyzing the variation range. Association analyses were conducted among traits to select the crucial evaluation indexes. The indexes were divided into three grades in different planting models. The evaluation system on leaf-related traits of EUO germplasm was established preliminarily, which considered planting models and stability across years for the first time. It can be treated as a reference to identify and evaluate EUO germplasm resources. Additionally, the study served as an example for the classification of quantitative traits in other economically important perennial plants.

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Evaluation indices of sour flavor for apple fruit and grading standards

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

A metabolic perspective of selection for fruit quality related to apple domestication and improvement

A metabolic perspective of selection for fruit quality related to apple domestication and improvement

Assessment of External Properties for Identifying Banana Fruit Maturity Stages Using Optical Imaging Techniques

Trait Variations and Probability Grading Index System on Leaf-Related Traits of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Germplasm

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