Evaluation, management, and analysis of demographic and radiological characteristics of patients with renal colic at a tertiary hospital in Somalia

Arslan, Ebubekir; Mohamed, Abdikarim Hussein

doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2022.07.011

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…UC typically affects more men than women, whereas SC affects typically more women and is unilateral. 9 , 10 Ultrasonography KUB has a sensitivity of 45% and a specificity of 94% when used to diagnose renal and ureteric calculi, respectively. 8 It is the best first line of diagnosis because it is cheap and does not expose patients to radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 It is the best first line of diagnosis because it is cheap and does not expose patients to radiation. 9 According to the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommendations, an NCCT of the abdomen should be performed on patients with acute flank pain or suspicion of ureteric stones. The diameter and density of calculi are just two examples of the additional data they can provide for perioperative planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A huge staghorn renal stone: Is there still a need for open surgery to protect against further damage to the kidney? A case report

Pipal,

Jain,

Biswas

2024

Qatar Medical Journal

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Introduction: Staghorn calculi (SC) occupy the renal pelvis and calyces and are common in females linked to repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Judicious surgery planning reduces the chance of further damage to the kidney due to renal SCs. Open stone surgery (OSS) is one of the various operative techniques to remove such huge stones with one operative intervention and protect the kidney from ongoing functional damage. Case Report: A 47-year-old male patient presented with right-sided renal colic pain, and on further investigations, he was diagnosed with a large renal stone responsible for substantial renal function impairment on the same side. The SC measured 8 × 4 cm with another stone in the lower calyx. thinner parenchyma, and only 16% relative function. Therefore, open surgery was selected over less invasive approaches because multiple lithotripsy (ESWL) sittings may have been required in less invasive options. Discussion: SCs, which can be complete or partial, often result in renal impairment. Hence, it is crucial to implement a proactive therapeutic approach that includes a thorough evaluation of the stone’s size and position, the patient’s choice, and institutional capacity. Complete elimination of SCs is preferred to maintain maximal renal function. Based on clinical, technical, and socioeconomic considerations, open pyelolithotomy or OSS was chosen over percutaneous nephrolithotomy for SC removal in the discussed case. Conclusion: The ability to remove large stones in a single intervention with open pyelolithotomy has been very effective due to its distinctive clinical presentation and pathological abnormalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A huge staghorn renal stone: Is there still a need for open surgery to protect against further damage to the kidney? A case report

Pipal,

Jain,

Biswas

2024

Qatar Medical Journal

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“…This is becoming exacerbated by the prolonged drought periods experienced in the last decade making access to portable drinking water limited thereby increasing the risk for kidney stone formation. However, a recently published retrospective study of 3 years from Mogadishu concerning renal colic containing 435 patients found that 63.4% of the cases had urolithiasis ( 26 ). Furthermore, similar authors reported the first pediatric urolithiasis (<18 years) from Somalia, in which they identified 227 children with urolithiasis in the 6-year period ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several treatment interventions for the management of urinary stones such as medical expulsive therapy (MET), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) depending on the stone size and location according to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline ( 28 ). Fortunately, minimally invasive procedures including ESWL, RIRS, and PCNL have become more popular in recent years in Mogadishu, Somalia, since there are limited centers providing these treatments ( 26 ). The estimated annual cost for the treatment of urolithiasis reached 5.3$ billion in 2014 in the US alone compared to 898$ million in 1984 as reported by Ghani et al ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of urolithiasis in subjects undergoing computer tomography in selected referral diagnostic centers in Mogadishu, Somalia

Dirie,

Adam,

Garba

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Introduction and objectivesSomalia was predicted to be in the global stone belt with high urolithiasis prevalence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of urolithiasis and their demographic and computer tomography (CT) characteristics among subjects under CT scans in Mogadishu, Somalia. Materials and Methods: From March 2014 to November 2022, a total of 7,276 patients who underwent an abdominopelvic non-contrast CT scan for various indications were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 45.6 years with a standard deviation of 21.1 (range, 0.2–110 years). Patients were subdivided into two categories: adults (≥18 years) and pediatric (≤17 years).ResultsOf the 7,276 patients, 1,075 (14.8%) were diagnosed with urolithiasis. Among those with urolithiasis, 702 (65.3%) were male patients, and 373 (34.7%) were female patients. Among them, adults accounted for 92.7%, while children were 7.3%. Renal stones (nephrolithiasis) were the most common, representing 57% followed by ureteric stones at 35.5%, making upper urinary stones 92.5%. Approximately 70 patients (6.5%) had bladder stones; of these, 26 of them (37%) were accompanied by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There were 10 urethral stones (0.9%) recorded in the study, all were found in male patients, 8 localized in prostatic urethra, and 2 in the bulbar urethra. The overall mean stone size was 13.2 mm, and 60% of them ranged from 5 to 22 mm. Only 24% of the patients were asymptomatic. Single stones were almost 70%, while staghorn calculi were 8.2%. More than 60% of the patients with urolithiasis showed some degree of hydronephrosis ranging between mild to severe.ConclusionA CT scan-based urolithiasis prevalence indicates 14.8% in Mogadishu, Somalia, and these results are consistent with the probability calculation of the weights-of-evidence (WofE) methodology based on several risk factors including temperature, climate change, mineral deposit, drinking water quality, and distribution of carbonated rocks. Considering the high prevalence of the disease, Somalia needs to invest more in prevention and treatment facilities while also training urologists that are capable of utilizing minimally invasive techniques in the country.

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“…3 Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) has emerged as the most appropriate and sensitive diagnostic tool while providing crucial information for treatment planning. [4][5][6] As previous studies reported, NCCT gives precise information on stone characteristics such as size, location, and depth and predicts the stone's hardness by measuring stone density in the Hounsfield unit. Hence, many studies investigated the correlation of HU in NCCT with stone composition and proposed the ability to predict the efficiency of ESWL and the stone-free status of URS and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Stone Characteristics and Laser Fiber Size Affect Ho: YAG Laser Time and Energy During Ureteroscopy?

Hilowle,

Mohamed

2024

RRU

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To assess the correlation of attenuation value measured as HU in Non-contrast computed tomography, stone size, location, fibre size and stone composition with Holmium: yttrium-aluminium garnet (Ho: YAG) laser parameters including, cumulative laser energy and final laser time. Materials and Methods:We prospectively analyzed 118 patients undergoing flexible/semirigid ureteroscopy and Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy from October 2022 to October 2023 at Mogadishu Urological Centre. Our study parameters encompass preoperative stone characteristics determined in NCCT (stone size, attenuation value, and stone location), fibre size, cumulative laser energy and time, overall operative time, and postoperative stone composition analysis. Results: There were 118 patients eligible for our prospective study. In the logistic regression model for retrograde intrarenal surgery with a fibre size of 272 μm, cumulative laser energy showed a significant difference among stone size, location, fibre size, and calcium oxalate stones (P > 0.05). However, no significant difference was noticed in the attenuation value (P = 0.078) (R2 = 0.053). Our analysis showed a positive significance among all the parameters (P < 0.05) for laser time. In logistic regression for a rigid ureteroscope with a fibre size of 365 μm, cumulative laser energy showed a significant difference between the location stone and fibre size (P < 0.05) (R2 = 0.09). However, no significant difference was seen among stone size, attenuation value, and calcium oxalate stones (P > 0.05). For laser time, our analysis showed a positive significance among all parameters except the calcium oxalate stones, which showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Our study showed that stone location, hardness, and fibre size are the most critical factors influencing the outcome of Ho: YAG laser parameters. The study revealed that CaOMH stones require more time to disintegrate into smaller ones, while PHdependent stones such as carbonate apatite may require less time to fragment.

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Evaluation, management, and analysis of demographic and radiological characteristics of patients with renal colic at a tertiary hospital in Somalia

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

A huge staghorn renal stone: Is there still a need for open surgery to protect against further damage to the kidney? A case report

A huge staghorn renal stone: Is there still a need for open surgery to protect against further damage to the kidney? A case report

The prevalence of urolithiasis in subjects undergoing computer tomography in selected referral diagnostic centers in Mogadishu, Somalia

Do Stone Characteristics and Laser Fiber Size Affect Ho: YAG Laser Time and Energy During Ureteroscopy?

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