Evaluation of 10 years of parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus infections in lung transplant recipients

Zwart, A.; Riezebos‐Brilman, Annelies; Alffenaar, Jan‐Willem C.; Heuvel, Edwin R. van den; Gan, C. Tji-Joong; Bij, Wim van der; Kerstjens, Huib A. M.; Verschuuren, Erik

doi:10.1111/ajt.16073

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…HMPV is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Pneumoviridae family, closely resembling RSV. Its seasonality also follows that of RSV, with most cases identified in the winter and spring [71]. Studies conducted on LTRs identified HMPV in 3.6-6.8% of positive respiratory samples [1,2,6,72].…”

Section: Human Metapneumovirusmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It seems, however, that there is no definitive association between rhinoviruses and CoVs and rejection or CLAD [72,125]. Treatment with ribavirin was associated with lower rates of CLAD/BOS in LTRs with RSV, HMPV and PIV infections, as shown in a study on 139 LTRs where ribavirin was associated with a lower risk of CLAD (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.1-0.59) [71].…”

Section: Respiratory Viruses and Rejection In Lung Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data in SOT are based solely on lung transplants and are limited to small case series. In a study that included 139 LTRs with infections due to either RSV, HMPV or PIV, ribavirin (mostly given using oral preparation) was associated with significantly less chronic lung allograft disease (CLAD, OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.1-0.59) [71]. Two other small series of 15 and 19 lung transplant recipients with HMPV infection demonstrated favorable outcomes on graft function among patients treated with ribavirin with or without steroids [74,75].…”

Section: Human Metapneumovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. There are four serotypes of PIV (1-4); serotype 3 is the most common and shows no seasonality and has been associated with outbreaks, whereas serotypes 1 and 2 appear in the fall and winter [4,71]. As with other respiratory viruses, PIV infection was mainly studied in LTRs, where it accounts for 3.6-20.9% of the respiratory viruses isolated [1,2,6].…”

Section: Parainfluenza Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic review on antiviral treatment for PIV infection in HSCT recipients showed no benefit in this population [77]. Studies in SOT recipients are limited to small case series describing the use of ribavirin with and without immunomodulators in LTRs with mixed viral infections (PIV and RSV with/without HMPV) [71,78,79]. These studies showed mixed responses to the treatments used.…”

Section: Parainfluenza Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory Viruses in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Bitterman¹,

Kumar²

2021

Viruses

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Solid organ transplantation is often lifesaving, but does carry an increased risk of infection. Respiratory viral infections are one of the most prevalent infections, and are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, especially among lung transplant recipients. There is also data to suggest an association with acute rejection and chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Respiratory viral infections can appear at any time post-transplant and are usually acquired in the community. All respiratory viral infections share similar clinical manifestations and are all currently diagnosed using nucleic acid testing. Influenza has good treatment options and prevention strategies, although these are hampered by resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors and lower vaccine immunogenicity in the transplant population. Other respiratory viruses, unfortunately, have limited treatments and preventive methods. This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, therapies and preventive measures for clinically significant RNA and DNA respiratory viruses, with the exception of SARS-CoV-2. This area is fast evolving and hopefully the coming decades will bring us new antivirals, immunologic treatments and vaccines.

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