Evaluation of 3D cognitive fatigue using heart–brain synchronization

Park, Sangin; Won, Myoung Ju; Lee, Eui Chul; Mun, Sungchul; Park, Min-Chul; Whang, Mincheol

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.006

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In terms of the visual discomfort, it is revealed that watching the 3D display clearly caused more visual discomfort than watching the 2D display, regardless of the viewing distance. These results are consistent with those of previous studies [9,33,38,42,[47][48][49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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Abstract:The current stereoscopic 3D displays have several human-factor issues including visual-fatigue symptoms such as eyestrain, headache, fatigue, nausea, and malaise. The viewing time and viewing distance are factors that considerably affect the visual fatigue associated with 3D displays. Hence, this study analyzes the effects of display type (2D vs. 3D) and viewing distance on visual fatigue during a 60-min viewing session based on electroencephalogram (EEG) relative beta power, and alpha/beta power ratio. In this study, twenty male participants watched four videos. The EEGs were recorded at two occipital lobes (O1 and O2) of each participant in the pre-session (3 min), post-session (3 min), and during a 60-min viewing session. The results showed that the decrease in relative beta power of the EEG and the increase in the alpha/beta ratio from the start until the end of the viewing session were significantly higher when watching the 3D display. When the viewing distance was increased from 1.95 m to 3.90 m, the visual fatigue was decreased in the case of the 3D-display, whereas the fatigue was increased in the case of the 2D-display. Moreover, there was approximately the same level of visual fatigue when watching videos in 2D or 3D from a long viewing distance (3.90 m).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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“…Park et al . compared heartbeat evoked potential responses, which was used as an indicator of communication between the heart and the brain and, therefore, of cognitive function, after 2D and 3D viewing . They found the α activity of the first and second heartbeat evoked potential components was significantly increased after 3D video viewing relative to 2D at the standard EEG sites F3 and F4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between visual fatigue and duration of viewing as assessed by brain monitoring

Kang

Wang

et al. 2018

J Soc Info Display

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Duration of viewing was considered as one of the most important factors of 3D visual fatigue. However, their relationship was not well studied. We proposed to use brain monitoring techniques to reveal more details about the variety of brain activity while watching three‐dimensional (3D) content. We investigated the spectral patterns in the electroencephalogram related to various duration of viewing and showed the power spectral density varied significantly along with the development of fatigue over occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and right frontal lobe. Moreover, we first described the trend of brain activity during 3D content viewing and revealed the location of significant components related to 3D visual fatigue. We believe that the absolute power describes more information and may be a better indicator of 3D visual fatigue assessment compared with relative power. We also first revealed the cortex location that is related to 3D visual fatigue. Our findings may help to define appropriate electroencephalogram features for online 3D visual fatigue detection while participants viewing 3D content.

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“…In addition, numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate visual fatigue using electroencephalogram (EEG) features in 3D display environment [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Other objective methods include electrocardiography (ECG) and galvanic skin resistance (GSR) in a 3D display environment [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Wang et al [42] used a questionnaire and optometric indicators comprising fusion range as well as accommodation convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio to investigate relationship between visual fatigue and viewers' phoria for viewing autostereoscopic 3D displays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the User Physical Stresses Associated with Watching 3D and 2D Displays over Extended Time Using Heart Rate Variability, Galvanic Skin Resistance, and Performance Measure

Ramadan

Alhaag

2018

Journal of Sensors

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This paper compares the effects of viewing videos with 2D and 3D displays with regard to the viewing distance (3H vs. 6H, where H is the height of the screen) and viewing time to determine the physical stresses in terms of heart rate variability, galvanic skin resistance (GSR), and performance of the viewer (percent of correct responses). Twenty healthy male university students with a mean age ± standard deviation of 27.7 ± 2.53 years participated in this study as volunteers. None had color blindness, and all had normal vision acuity. Display type by viewing distance interaction had a significant effect on most of the heart rate variability measures and associated with watching time for the GSR responses. The results concluded that viewing the 3D display from a short viewing distance produced significantly high physical stresses compared to viewing the 2D display from the same short viewing distance. However, the 3D display seemed to impart lower physical stress than the 2D display at long viewing distances. The findings of this study indicate that physical stresses appeared significant at close viewing distance after watching a 3D display for 50 min and increased with continued watching time. In addition, viewer performance was higher for the 3D compared to 2D display type.

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Evaluation of 3D cognitive fatigue using heart–brain synchronization

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

The correlation between visual fatigue and duration of viewing as assessed by brain monitoring

Evaluating the User Physical Stresses Associated with Watching 3D and 2D Displays over Extended Time Using Heart Rate Variability, Galvanic Skin Resistance, and Performance Measure

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