Evaluation of 3D Printed Gelatin‐Based Scaffolds with Varying Pore Size for MSC‐Based Adipose Tissue Engineering

Tytgat, Liesbeth; Kollert, Matthias R.; Damme, Lana Van; Thienpont, Hugo; Ottevaere, Heidi; Duda, Georg N.; Geißler, Sven; Dubruel, Peter; Vlierberghe, Sandra Van; Qazi, Taimoor H.

doi:10.1002/mabi.201900364

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…MSCs Human [96] Three-dimensional printing was used to create microporous methacrylated gelatin scaffolds with varying pore sizes from 230-531 µm. MSCs differentiated in scaffolds regardless of pore size, but there was better spatial distribution and the cells migrated deeper into the scaffolds with the largest pore sizes.…”

Section: Methacrylated Gelatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance

DeBari

Abbott

2020

IJMS

100

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Increases in adipocyte volume and tissue mass due to obesity can result in inflammation, further dysregulation in adipose tissue function, and eventually adipose tissue fibrosis. Like other fibrotic diseases, adipose tissue fibrosis is the accumulation and increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Adipose tissue fibrosis has been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity, poor bariatric surgery outcomes, and difficulty in weight loss. With the rising rates of obesity, it is important to create accurate models for adipose tissue fibrosis to gain mechanistic insights and develop targeted treatments. This article discusses recent research in modeling adipose tissue fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro (2D and 3D) methods with considerations for biomaterial selections. Additionally, this article outlines the importance of adipose tissue in treating other fibrotic diseases and methods used to detect and characterize adipose tissue fibrosis.

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Section: Methacrylated Gelatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance

DeBari

Abbott

2020

IJMS

100

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“…[ 1,19 ] Extrusion‐based 3D printing of scaffolds based on natural polymers, such as silk proteins and gelatin, under ambient conditions is desired for a broad range of biomedical applications. [ 20,21 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Cytocompatible Gelatin‐Cellulose‐Alginate Blend Hydrogels

Erkoc

Uvak

Nazeer

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The advancements in 3D printing systems together with medical imaging devices, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), have made it possible to fabricate customized implantable scaffolds from computer-aided designs (CAD), which can precisely fit to the affected region in body of patients. [1,2] Hydrogels are widely preferred scaffold materials for 3D printing since they can mimic the natural tissues due to their high water content, porosity, and flexibility. [1,3] Additionally, they can be easily functionalized with biochemical and biophysical cues, and have easy fabrication processes. [4,5] Deriving therapeutic benefits such as supporting cell adhesion, promoting cell proliferation, and providing mechanical support for the tissue remodeling are desired for hydrogels. Physical, chemical, or biochemical crosslinking of homopolymer or copolymer solutions is typically used to form the hydrogels. [6] Along with synthetic polymers, the natural polymeric hydrogels can provide a stable environment for cells to grow, migrate, proliferate, and/or differentiate. [1] Natural polymers can be extracted from natural products via physical or chemical techniques in order to form hydrogels. The natural polymeric hydrogels, such as gelatin, [7,8] alginate, [9] fibrinogen, [10] hyaluronic acid, [11] cellulose, [12] and chitosan, [13] can dissolve in biofriendly inorganic solvents including phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture medium. [6] Besides the well-known biocompatibility and biodegradability of natural polymeric hydrogels, their mechanical characteristics, however, limit potential applications as bioinks for manufacturing of scaffolds through 3D printing process. [14] Collagen-based biomaterials, used in most of the previous studies due to their intrinsic cell-adhesion sites, have been reported to have poor printability and long crosslinking durations. [15] Likewise, sodium alginate, which is a block copolymer of consecutive and alternately arranged β-d-mannuronic acid and α-l-guluronic acid residues, is a broadly preferred material since it is easily crosslinked via ionotropic gelation with divalent cations (e.g., Ca 2+ , Zn 2+). [16] However, alginate hydrogels require additional bioactivation step to trigger cell adhesion. [17] Another 3D bioprinting of hydrogels has gained great attention due to its potential to manufacture intricate and customized scaffolds that provide favored conditions for cell proliferation. Nevertheless, plain natural hydrogels can be easily disintegrated, and their mechanical strengths are usually insufficient for printing process. Hence, composite hydrogels are developed for 3D printing. This study aims to develop a hydrogel ink for extrusion-based 3D printing which is entirely composed of natural polymers, gelatin, alginate, and cellulose. Physicochemical interactions between the components of the intertwined gelatin-cellulose-alginate network are studied via altering copolymer ratios. The structure of the materials and porosity are assessed using infr...

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“…This value indicates the efficiency of paste-like formulations in overcoming the mechanical weakness of simple gelatin hydrogels. For example, the compressive modulus of gelatin-based 3D printed scaffolds increased from 124 to 892 Pa when decreasing the strut spacing [ 40 ]. Another study reported a diminishing of the elastic modulus corresponding to the gelatin-based 3D printed scaffolds with about 90% compared to the bulk hydrogels (in the range of KPa for both types) [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Bioactive Scaffolds through 3D Printing Using Wollastonite–Gelatin Inks

et al. 2020

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The bioactivity of scaffolds represents a key property to facilitate the bone repair after orthopedic trauma. This study reports the development of biomimetic paste-type inks based on wollastonite (CS) and fish gelatin (FG) in a mass ratio similar to natural bone, as an appealing strategy to promote the mineralization during scaffold incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). High-resolution 3D scaffolds were fabricated through 3D printing, and the homogeneous distribution of CS in the protein matrix was revealed by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis (SEM/EDX) micrographs. The bioactivity of the scaffold was suggested by an outstanding mineralization capacity revealed by the apatite layers deposited on the scaffold surface after immersion in SBF. The biocompatibility was demonstrated by cell proliferation established by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy images and confirmed by SEM micrographs illustrating cell spreading. This work highlights the potential of the bicomponent inks to fabricate 3D bioactive scaffolds and predicts the osteogenic properties for bone regeneration applications.

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Evaluation of 3D Printed Gelatin‐Based Scaffolds with Varying Pore Size for MSC‐Based Adipose Tissue Engineering

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance

Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance

3D Printing of Cytocompatible Gelatin‐Cellulose‐Alginate Blend Hydrogels

Development of 3D Bioactive Scaffolds through 3D Printing Using Wollastonite–Gelatin Inks

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