Evaluation of a candidate classical biological control agent and critical assessment of suggested host specificity testing guidelines

Jenner, W. H.

doi:10.22215/etd/2009-06594

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…It is also important to note again that these tests were run using parasitoids reared under summer conditions. Jenner (2008) demonstrated that parasitoids reared under natural autumn conditions showed slightly greater tolerance to sub-zero temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-release analysis of the overwintering capacity of a classical biological control agent supporting prediction of establishment

et al. 2010

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This study investigated the effect of temperature on the development and overwintering capacity of the pupal parasitoid, Diadromus pulchellus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a candidate classical biological control agent against leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) in Canada. It was estimated that 256.4 daydegrees, above a lower threshold temperature of 7.3°C, were required for D. pulchellus to complete development, from egg to adult eclosion. Laboratory and field experiments on the immature and mature parasitoids indicated that D. pulchellus overwinters primarily, if not exclusively, in the adult stage. Only adults were able to survive an entire winter under natural outdoor conditions in central Europe. Immature parasitoids developing inside their pupal hosts were capable of withstanding short periods of temperatures as low as -5°C or -10°C, but even much higher temperatures were lethal if sustained for several weeks. Among adults, females demonstrated greater cold hardiness than males. The LTime 50 at -12°C, simulating winter temperatures without snow cover, was 4-5 and 6-7 days for males and females, respectively. The LTime 50 at -4°C, simulating winter temperatures beneath an insulating snow layer, was 1-2 and 2-3 weeks for males and females, respectively, with maximum survival of eight weeks. It is likely that survival would be even greater in a natural environment where the parasitoids could select optimal overwintering sites and have the option to feed when temperatures rise enough to permit activity. Based on these results, D. pulchellus is expected to survive winters in the targeted release areas of Ontario and Quebec.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-release analysis of the overwintering capacity of a classical biological control agent supporting prediction of establishment

et al. 2010

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“…Future experiments should allow for the addition of 24 h, totalling 3Á4 days for mating opportunity. In addition, evidence suggests that unmated females are less likely to parasitise (Jenner 2008); subsequently, the total fecundity and sex-ratios may improve with increased mating time.…”

Section: Biocontrol Science and Technology 215mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some agricultural operations are organically based; hence, chemical pesticides are not an appropriate control. Consequently, to provide an alternative control strategy that would entail lower risk to public health and the environment, the obligate parasitoid wasp, Diadromus pulchellus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was evaluated as an agent for biological control of leek moth (Jenner 2008). D. pulchellus is a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid of leek moth pupae (Kalmes and Rojas-Rousse 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the current Canadian culture is active and healthy, it produces only 20Á50 adult females daily. Low production combined with a short window of parasitoid activity (Jenner 2008) indicates a need to bolster the number of insects leading up to a large release. Achieving this requires an increase in culture production and/or the implementation of a storage-accumulation plan that maintains survivorship and fecundity (Colinet and Boivin 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of periodic warming on the survival and fecundity ofDiadromus pulchellusduring long-term storage

Murdoch

Cappuccino

Mason

2013

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Biological control strategies capitalise on natural mechanisms such as predation and parasitism to reduce the need for chemical applications to control insect pests. In Canada, the parasitic wasp Diadromus pulchellus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is being investigated for its use in the biological control of an invasive crop pest, the leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae). Large numbers of insects will be needed for releases to ensure that populations of D. pulchellus establish quickly and impact leek moth populations. Since the current culture is not producing the number of insects required for largescale releases, the accumulation and storage of D. pulchellus might be a viable option to obtain ideal numbers. Currently, little is known about the optimal conditions for the long-term storage and release of D. pulchellus, which overwinter in nature as adults. Using insects from the active culture, the effect of intermittent, short-term warming on cold-stored adults was evaluated for survivorship and fecundity. In accordance with previous findings, females survived cold storage more readily than males. However, the warming regimes employed had no significant impacts on overall survivorship. Cold-stored females had reduced fecundity compared to females maintained in the culture, though no significant differences were noted between the treatments. In addition, the offspring sex-ratio for all treatments was male skewed. Thus, the warming procedures utilised provided no advantages over current techniques for the long-term storage of D. pulchellus intended for release.

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“…Before 2004 the number of non-target species tested in arthropod biological control projects ranged from 1-23, averaging 10.5 species (Kuhlmann et al 2006b). Recent studies (Kuhlmann et al 2006a;Jenner 2008;Andreassen et al 2009) have assessed 12-25 non-target species.…”

Section: Assessing Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and risks of exotic biological control agents

2011

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The use of exotic (=alien) arthropods in classical and augmentative biological control programs has yielded huge economic and ecological benefits. Exotic species of arthropods have contributed to the suppression of key pests in agriculture and forestry or have aided in restoring natural systems affected by adventive species. However, adverse nontarget effects of exotic biological control agents have been observed in a number of projects. Non-target effects range from very small effects, e.g. 2% parasitization on a non-target insect on a local level, to massive effects on a large scale. Until now, no consensus on how to judge the magnitude of nontarget effects and whether these effects can be tolerated or are unacceptable has emerged. In this paper, we briefly review both the benefits of biological control as well as the associated risks including to human and animal health, plant health and particularly the environment. We also make an attempt at identifying the major challenges for assessing risks and for balancing benefits and risks. There is general agreement that sound risk assessment procedures should precede the release of exotic invertebrate biological control agents and a recent shift-especially for arthropod biological controlfrom introductions done without meaningful risk assessment studies to projects conducting thorough host range testing can be observed. However, overly stringent regulations that would preclude promising agents from being developed must be avoided.

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Evaluation of a candidate classical biological control agent and critical assessment of suggested host specificity testing guidelines

Cited by 7 publications

References 133 publications

Pre-release analysis of the overwintering capacity of a classical biological control agent supporting prediction of establishment

Pre-release analysis of the overwintering capacity of a classical biological control agent supporting prediction of establishment

The effects of periodic warming on the survival and fecundity ofDiadromus pulchellusduring long-term storage

Benefits and risks of exotic biological control agents

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